A1 English word list
Every word from the A1 course, 1197 in all, grouped by unit. Each word has its pronunciation, a Turkish translation and an example sentence. For word lists by topic, see English vocabulary by topic.
Greetings & Introductions
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| hello⁄həˈləʊ⁄ | merhaba | Hello, I am Ali. |
| hi⁄haɪ⁄ | selam | Hi, Tom! |
| goodbye⁄ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ⁄ | hoşça kal | Goodbye, see you tomorrow. |
| bye⁄baɪ⁄ | güle güle | Bye, Anna! |
| good morning⁄ɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ⁄ | günaydın | Good morning, teacher. |
| good evening⁄ɡʊd ˈiːvnɪŋ⁄ | iyi akşamlar | Good evening, Mr Brown. |
| name⁄neɪm⁄ | isim | My name is Ayşe. |
| nice to meet you | tanıştığıma memnun oldum | Hello, Tom. Nice to meet you. |
| how are you | nasılsın | Hi, Anna. How are you? |
| fine⁄faɪn⁄ | iyi | I am fine, thank you. |
| thank you⁄ˈθæŋk juː⁄ | teşekkür ederim | Thank you, Tom. |
| please⁄pliːz⁄ | lütfen | Sit down, please. |
| yes⁄jes⁄ | evet | Yes, I am Ali. |
| no⁄nəʊ⁄ | hayır | No, I am not English. |
| I⁄aɪ⁄ | ben | I am from Turkey. |
| you⁄juː⁄ | sen, siz | You are my friend. |
| he⁄hiː⁄ | o (erkek) | He is Mehmet. |
| she⁄ʃiː⁄ | o (kadın) | She is Ayşe. |
| Turkey⁄ˈtɜːki⁄ | Türkiye | I am from Turkey. |
| Turkish⁄ˈtɜːkɪʃ⁄ | Türk | She is Turkish. |
| England⁄ˈɪŋɡlənd⁄ | İngiltere | Tom is from England. |
| English⁄ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ⁄ | İngiliz | He is English. |
| from⁄frɒm⁄ | -den, -dan | Where are you from? |
People & Family
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| family⁄ˈfæməli⁄ | aile | This is my family. |
| mother⁄ˈmʌðə⁄ | anne | My mother is a teacher. |
| father⁄ˈfɑːðə⁄ | baba | His father is tall. |
| brother⁄ˈbrʌðə⁄ | erkek kardeş | I have got a brother. |
| sister⁄ˈsɪstə⁄ | kız kardeş | Her sister is young. |
| son⁄sʌn⁄ | oğul | Their son is five. |
| daughter⁄ˈdɔːtə⁄ | kız evlat | She has got a daughter. |
| friend⁄frend⁄ | arkadaş | Tom is my friend. |
| my⁄maɪ⁄ | benim | My name is Ali. |
| your⁄jɔː⁄ | senin | Is this your sister? |
| his⁄hɪz⁄ | onun (erkek) | His name is Mehmet. |
| her⁄hɜː⁄ | onun (kadın) | Her mother is Turkish. |
| this⁄ðɪs⁄ | bu | This is my father. |
| that⁄ðæt⁄ | şu, o | That is my friend. |
| have got | sahip olmak | I have got two brothers. |
| tall⁄tɔːl⁄ | uzun boylu | My brother is tall. |
| short⁄ʃɔːt⁄ | kısa boylu | Her sister is short. |
| young⁄jʌŋ⁄ | genç | Your mother is young. |
| old⁄əʊld⁄ | yaşlı | My grandfather is old. |
| happy⁄ˈhæpi⁄ | mutlu | The family is happy. |
| hair⁄heə⁄ | saç | She has got long hair. |
| eyes⁄aɪz⁄ | gözler | He has got brown eyes. |
| long⁄lɒŋ⁄ | uzun | Her hair is long. |
| grandmother⁄ˈɡrænmʌðə⁄ | büyükanne | My grandmother is from Turkey. |
Food & Drink
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| food⁄fuːd⁄ | yemek | I like Turkish food. |
| drink⁄drɪŋk⁄ | içecek | Would you like a drink? |
| water⁄ˈwɔːtə⁄ | su | A glass of water, please. |
| tea⁄tiː⁄ | çay | My grandmother likes tea. |
| coffee⁄ˈkɒfi⁄ | kahve | I would like a coffee. |
| milk⁄mɪlk⁄ | süt | I don't like milk. |
| juice⁄dʒuːs⁄ | meyve suyu | Orange juice, please. |
| bread⁄bred⁄ | ekmek | We have got bread and cheese. |
| cheese⁄tʃiːz⁄ | peynir | He likes white cheese. |
| egg⁄eɡ⁄ | yumurta | I want an egg. |
| apple⁄ˈæpl⁄ | elma | An apple a day. |
| banana⁄bəˈnɑːnə⁄ | muz | My son likes bananas. |
| orange⁄ˈɒrɪndʒ⁄ | portakal | I have got an orange. |
| tomato⁄təˈmɑːtəʊ⁄ | domates | Two tomatoes, please. |
| sandwich⁄ˈsænwɪtʃ⁄ | sandviç | I would like a cheese sandwich. |
| soup⁄suːp⁄ | çorba | The soup is hot. |
| chicken⁄ˈtʃɪkɪn⁄ | tavuk | She doesn't like chicken. |
| like⁄laɪk⁄ | sevmek, hoşlanmak | I like apples. |
| want⁄wɒnt⁄ | istemek | I want water. |
| would like | istemek (kibar) | I would like a tea, please. |
| hungry⁄ˈhʌŋɡri⁄ | aç | I am hungry. |
| thirsty⁄ˈθɜːsti⁄ | susamış | Are you thirsty? |
| delicious⁄dɪˈlɪʃəs⁄ | lezzetli | This soup is delicious. |
| menu⁄ˈmenjuː⁄ | menü | Can I have the menu, please? |
| bill⁄bɪl⁄ | hesap | The bill, please. |
Daily Routine & Time
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| get up⁄ɡet ʌp⁄ | kalkmak | I get up at seven. |
| wake up⁄weɪk ʌp⁄ | uyanmak | She wakes up early. |
| breakfast⁄ˈbrekfəst⁄ | kahvaltı | I have breakfast at eight. |
| lunch⁄lʌntʃ⁄ | öğle yemeği | We have lunch at one. |
| dinner⁄ˈdɪnər⁄ | akşam yemeği | They have dinner at home. |
| work⁄wɜːrk⁄ | çalışmak | He works in a bank. |
| sleep⁄sliːp⁄ | uyumak | I sleep at eleven. |
| take a shower | duş almak | I take a shower in the morning. |
| go to work | işe gitmek | She goes to work by bus. |
| come home | eve gelmek | I come home at six. |
| watch TV | televizyon izlemek | We watch TV in the evening. |
| morning⁄ˈmɔːrnɪŋ⁄ | sabah | I run in the morning. |
| evening⁄ˈiːvnɪŋ⁄ | akşam | I read in the evening. |
| o'clock⁄əˈklɒk⁄ | saat (tam) | It's nine o'clock. |
| half past | buçuk | It's half past two. |
| Monday⁄ˈmʌndeɪ⁄ | pazartesi | I work on Monday. |
| Tuesday⁄ˈtjuːzdeɪ⁄ | salı | We swim on Tuesday. |
| Wednesday⁄ˈwenzdeɪ⁄ | çarşamba | The class is on Wednesday. |
| Friday⁄ˈfraɪdeɪ⁄ | cuma | I see my friends on Friday. |
| Saturday⁄ˈsætərdeɪ⁄ | cumartesi | I sleep late on Saturday. |
| Sunday⁄ˈsʌndeɪ⁄ | pazar | He doesn't work on Sunday. |
| always⁄ˈɔːlweɪz⁄ | her zaman | I always drink tea. |
| usually⁄ˈjuːʒuəli⁄ | genellikle | She usually walks to school. |
| never⁄ˈnevər⁄ | asla, hiç | He never eats meat. |
Places & Directions
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| bank⁄bæŋk⁄ | banka | The bank is on Main Street. |
| hospital⁄ˈhɒspɪtl⁄ | hastane | There is a hospital near here. |
| pharmacy⁄ˈfɑːrməsi⁄ | eczane | The pharmacy is next to the bank. |
| supermarket⁄ˈsuːpərmɑːrkɪt⁄ | süpermarket | I go to the supermarket on Saturday. |
| museum⁄mjuˈziːəm⁄ | müze | The museum is opposite the park. |
| park⁄pɑːrk⁄ | park | There are two parks in my town. |
| station⁄ˈsteɪʃn⁄ | istasyon | Where is the train station? |
| post office | postane | Is there a post office near here? |
| library⁄ˈlaɪbreri⁄ | kütüphane | I study in the library. |
| hotel⁄həʊˈtel⁄ | otel | Our hotel is near the sea. |
| street⁄striːt⁄ | cadde, sokak | Take the first street on the left. |
| square⁄skweər⁄ | meydan | There is a café in the square. |
| bridge⁄brɪdʒ⁄ | köprü | Go over the bridge. |
| corner⁄ˈkɔːrnər⁄ | köşe | The shop is on the corner. |
| next to | yanında | The café is next to the bank. |
| between⁄bɪˈtwiːn⁄ | arasında | The park is between the school and the museum. |
| opposite⁄ˈɒpəzɪt⁄ | karşısında | The hotel is opposite the station. |
| near⁄nɪər⁄ | yakınında | Is there a bank near here? |
| left⁄left⁄ | sol | Turn left at the corner. |
| right⁄raɪt⁄ | sağ | The museum is on the right. |
| turn⁄tɜːrn⁄ | dönmek | Turn right here. |
| go straight | düz gitmek | Go straight for two minutes. |
| cross⁄krɒs⁄ | karşıya geçmek | Cross the street at the lights. |
Shopping & Clothes
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| shirt⁄ʃɜːrt⁄ | gömlek | This shirt is white. |
| T-shirt⁄ˈtiː ʃɜːrt⁄ | tişört | I'd like a blue T-shirt. |
| dress⁄dres⁄ | elbise | How much is this dress? |
| jeans⁄dʒiːnz⁄ | kot pantolon | These jeans are too big. |
| shoes⁄ʃuːz⁄ | ayakkabı | Those shoes are black. |
| jacket⁄ˈdʒækɪt⁄ | ceket | That jacket is very nice. |
| hat⁄hæt⁄ | şapka | He has a red hat. |
| skirt⁄skɜːrt⁄ | etek | She is wearing a green skirt. |
| socks⁄sɒks⁄ | çorap | These socks are cheap. |
| red⁄red⁄ | kırmızı | I like this red dress. |
| blue⁄bluː⁄ | mavi | My jeans are blue. |
| green⁄ɡriːn⁄ | yeşil | That green jacket is new. |
| black⁄blæk⁄ | siyah | I need black shoes. |
| white⁄waɪt⁄ | beyaz | He has a white shirt. |
| yellow⁄ˈjeləʊ⁄ | sarı | The yellow hat is cheap. |
| price⁄praɪs⁄ | fiyat | What is the price of this hat? |
| cheap⁄tʃiːp⁄ | ucuz | These socks are cheap. |
| expensive⁄ɪkˈspensɪv⁄ | pahalı | That jacket is expensive. |
| size⁄saɪz⁄ | beden | What size are you? |
| try on | denemek (giysi) | Can I try on this dress? |
| twenty⁄ˈtwenti⁄ | yirmi | It's twenty pounds. |
| fifty⁄ˈfɪfti⁄ | elli | The shoes are fifty pounds. |
| a hundred⁄ə ˈhʌndrəd⁄ | yüz | This coat is a hundred pounds. |
| I'd like | istiyorum (kibar) | I'd like a white shirt, please. |
My Home
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| house⁄haʊs⁄ | ev | My house has two floors. |
| flat⁄flæt⁄ | daire | We live in a small flat. |
| kitchen⁄ˈkɪtʃɪn⁄ | mutfak | There is a table in the kitchen. |
| bedroom⁄ˈbedruːm⁄ | yatak odası | My bedroom is small. |
| bathroom⁄ˈbɑːθruːm⁄ | banyo | The bathroom is next to the bedroom. |
| living room | oturma odası | We watch TV in the living room. |
| garden⁄ˈɡɑːrdn⁄ | bahçe | She has got a beautiful garden. |
| balcony⁄ˈbælkəni⁄ | balkon | Have you got a balcony? |
| bed⁄bed⁄ | yatak | The cat is on the bed. |
| sofa⁄ˈsəʊfə⁄ | kanepe | There is a sofa in the living room. |
| chair⁄tʃeər⁄ | sandalye | There are four chairs in the kitchen. |
| table⁄ˈteɪbl⁄ | masa | The keys are on the table. |
| wardrobe⁄ˈwɔːrdrəʊb⁄ | gardırop | My clothes are in the wardrobe. |
| lamp⁄læmp⁄ | lamba | The lamp is next to the bed. |
| fridge⁄frɪdʒ⁄ | buzdolabı | There is some milk in the fridge. |
| window⁄ˈwɪndəʊ⁄ | pencere | My room has got a big window. |
| door⁄dɔːr⁄ | kapı | The door is blue. |
| shelf⁄ʃelf⁄ | raf | The books are on the shelf. |
| carpet⁄ˈkɑːrpɪt⁄ | halı | There is a red carpet on the floor. |
| under⁄ˈʌndər⁄ | altında | The shoes are under the bed. |
| behind⁄bɪˈhaɪnd⁄ | arkasında | The garden is behind the house. |
| some⁄sʌm⁄ | biraz, birkaç | There are some plants on the balcony. |
| any⁄ˈeni⁄ | hiç (soru/olumsuz) | There aren't any chairs. |
| have got | sahip olmak | I've got a new sofa. |
| comfortable⁄ˈkʌmftəbl⁄ | rahat | This bed is very comfortable. |
Free Time & Hobbies
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| hobby⁄ˈhɒbi⁄ | hobi | My hobby is painting. |
| free time | boş zaman | I read in my free time. |
| swim⁄swɪm⁄ | yüzmek | I can swim. |
| run⁄rʌn⁄ | koşmak | He runs in the park. |
| dance⁄dæns⁄ | dans etmek | She loves dancing. |
| sing⁄sɪŋ⁄ | şarkı söylemek | I can't sing. |
| paint⁄peɪnt⁄ | resim yapmak | My sister likes painting. |
| read⁄riːd⁄ | okumak | I like reading books. |
| cook⁄kʊk⁄ | yemek yapmak | He can cook pasta. |
| football⁄ˈfʊtbɔːl⁄ | futbol | We play football on Sunday. |
| basketball⁄ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl⁄ | basketbol | They play basketball at school. |
| tennis⁄ˈtenɪs⁄ | tenis | Do you want to play tennis? |
| guitar⁄ɡɪˈtɑːr⁄ | gitar | Can you play the guitar? |
| music⁄ˈmjuːzɪk⁄ | müzik | I listen to music every day. |
| movie⁄ˈmuːvi⁄ | film | We watch a movie on Friday. |
| game⁄ɡeɪm⁄ | oyun | He plays computer games. |
| like⁄laɪk⁄ | sevmek, hoşlanmak | I like swimming. |
| love⁄lʌv⁄ | çok sevmek, bayılmak | She loves music. |
| hate⁄heɪt⁄ | nefret etmek | I hate running. |
| can⁄kæn⁄ | -ebilmek | I can dance. |
| often⁄ˈɒfn⁄ | sık sık | I often go to the cinema. |
| sometimes⁄ˈsʌmtaɪmz⁄ | bazen | We sometimes cook together. |
| want⁄wɒnt⁄ | istemek | Do you want to come? |
| together⁄təˈɡeðər⁄ | birlikte | Let's play together. |
Right Now
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| now⁄naʊ⁄ | şimdi | I am eating now. |
| right now | şu anda | She is sleeping right now. |
| today⁄təˈdeɪ⁄ | bugün | It is raining today. |
| weather⁄ˈweðər⁄ | hava (durumu) | What's the weather like? |
| sunny⁄ˈsʌni⁄ | güneşli | It is sunny today. |
| rainy⁄ˈreɪni⁄ | yağmurlu | It is a rainy day. |
| cloudy⁄ˈklaʊdi⁄ | bulutlu | The sky is cloudy. |
| windy⁄ˈwɪndi⁄ | rüzgarlı | It is windy by the sea. |
| hot⁄hɒt⁄ | sıcak | It is very hot in summer. |
| cold⁄kəʊld⁄ | soğuk | It is cold in winter. |
| warm⁄wɔːrm⁄ | ılık | It is warm in spring. |
| rain⁄reɪn⁄ | yağmur yağmak | It is raining now. |
| snow⁄snəʊ⁄ | kar yağmak | It is snowing in Erzurum. |
| spring⁄sprɪŋ⁄ | ilkbahar | Flowers grow in spring. |
| summer⁄ˈsʌmər⁄ | yaz | We swim in summer. |
| autumn⁄ˈɔːtəm⁄ | sonbahar | It is windy in autumn. |
| winter⁄ˈwɪntər⁄ | kış | It snows in winter. |
| umbrella⁄ʌmˈbrelə⁄ | şemsiye | Take an umbrella, it is raining. |
| write⁄raɪt⁄ | yazmak | I am writing an email. |
| sit⁄sɪt⁄ | oturmak | He is sitting in the garden. |
| wait⁄weɪt⁄ | beklemek | We are waiting for the bus. |
| wear⁄weər⁄ | giymek | She is wearing a coat. |
| talk⁄tɔːk⁄ | konuşmak | They are talking on the phone. |
| study⁄ˈstʌdi⁄ | ders çalışmak | My brother is studying now. |
Weekend Plans
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| weekend⁄ˌwiːkˈend⁄ | hafta sonu | What are you doing at the weekend? |
| this weekend | bu hafta sonu | I'm going to relax this weekend. |
| tomorrow⁄təˈmɒrəʊ⁄ | yarın | We're going to meet tomorrow. |
| tonight⁄təˈnaɪt⁄ | bu gece, bu akşam | She's going to cook tonight. |
| next week | gelecek hafta | They're going to travel next week. |
| next month | gelecek ay | I'm going to start a new job next month. |
| plan⁄plæn⁄ | plan | Do you have any plans? |
| visit⁄ˈvɪzɪt⁄ | ziyaret etmek | I'm going to visit my grandmother. |
| meet⁄miːt⁄ | buluşmak | Let's meet at the café. |
| relax⁄rɪˈlæks⁄ | dinlenmek | I want to relax on Sunday. |
| travel⁄ˈtrævl⁄ | seyahat etmek | We are going to travel to Izmir. |
| stay at home | evde kalmak | I'm going to stay at home tonight. |
| picnic⁄ˈpɪknɪk⁄ | piknik | Let's have a picnic in the park. |
| party⁄ˈpɑːrti⁄ | parti | There is a party on Saturday. |
| concert⁄ˈkɒnsət⁄ | konser | We're going to a concert tonight. |
| cinema⁄ˈsɪnəmə⁄ | sinema | Let's go to the cinema. |
| go shopping | alışverişe gitmek | She's going to go shopping tomorrow. |
| let's⁄lets⁄ | hadi ...-elim | Let's play football. |
| idea⁄aɪˈdɪə⁄ | fikir | Good idea! |
| busy⁄ˈbɪzi⁄ | meşgul | Sorry, I'm busy tomorrow. |
| free⁄friː⁄ | boş, müsait | Are you free on Sunday? |
| later⁄ˈleɪtər⁄ | sonra | See you later! |
| grandmother⁄ˈɡrænmʌðər⁄ | büyükanne, nine | My grandmother lives in Bursa. |
Yesterday
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday⁄ˈjestərdeɪ⁄ | dün | I was at home yesterday. |
| last night | dün gece | We watched a film last night. |
| last week | geçen hafta | She visited her grandmother last week. |
| last year | geçen yıl | They lived in Ankara last year. |
| ago⁄əˈɡoʊ⁄ | önce | I started this job two years ago. |
| was⁄wɒz⁄ | idi (I/he/she/it) | It was cold yesterday. |
| were⁄wɜːr⁄ | idi (you/we/they) | We were at the park. |
| walked⁄wɔːkt⁄ | yürüdü | I walked to work. |
| played⁄pleɪd⁄ | oynadı | The children played football. |
| watched⁄wɒtʃt⁄ | izledi | We watched TV last night. |
| cooked⁄kʊkt⁄ | pişirdi, yemek yaptı | My father cooked dinner. |
| cleaned⁄kliːnd⁄ | temizledi | She cleaned the kitchen. |
| listened⁄ˈlɪsənd⁄ | dinledi | I listened to music. |
| visited⁄ˈvɪzɪtɪd⁄ | ziyaret etti | They visited their friends. |
| wanted⁄ˈwɒntɪd⁄ | istedi | He wanted a coffee. |
| studied⁄ˈstʌdid⁄ | ders çalıştı | I studied English yesterday. |
| stayed⁄steɪd⁄ | kaldı | We stayed at home. |
| called⁄kɔːld⁄ | aradı (telefonla) | My mother called me. |
| started⁄ˈstɑːrtɪd⁄ | başladı | The film started at nine. |
| finished⁄ˈfɪnɪʃt⁄ | bitirdi | I finished my homework. |
| tired⁄ˈtaɪərd⁄ | yorgun | I was very tired last night. |
| busy⁄ˈbɪzi⁄ | meşgul, yoğun | They were busy yesterday. |
| weekend⁄ˈwiːkend⁄ | hafta sonu | How was your weekend? |
Travel Stories
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| went⁄went⁄ | gitti | We went to Antalya last summer. |
| saw⁄sɔː⁄ | gördü | I saw the Eiffel Tower. |
| ate⁄eɪt⁄ | yedi | They ate fish by the sea. |
| took⁄tʊk⁄ | aldı, bindi | She took a taxi to the hotel. |
| bought⁄bɔːt⁄ | satın aldı | I bought a map at the station. |
| had⁄hæd⁄ | vardı, yaptı (yemek vb.) | We had a great time. |
| flew⁄fluː⁄ | uçtu, uçakla gitti | He flew to London. |
| got⁄ɡɒt⁄ | aldı, vardı (bir yere) | We got to the hotel at night. |
| did⁄dɪd⁄ | yaptı | What did you do on holiday? |
| holiday⁄ˈhɒlədeɪ⁄ | tatil | Our holiday was fantastic. |
| trip⁄trɪp⁄ | gezi, yolculuk | How was your trip? |
| plane⁄pleɪn⁄ | uçak | The plane was late. |
| train⁄treɪn⁄ | tren | We went to Ankara by train. |
| ferry⁄ˈferi⁄ | feribot, vapur | We took the ferry to the island. |
| airport⁄ˈerpɔːrt⁄ | havalimanı | I met him at the airport. |
| ticket⁄ˈtɪkɪt⁄ | bilet | She bought two tickets. |
| hotel⁄hoʊˈtel⁄ | otel | The hotel was near the beach. |
| beach⁄biːtʃ⁄ | plaj, sahil | We swam at the beach. |
| museum⁄mjuˈziːəm⁄ | müze | Did you see the museum? |
| suitcase⁄ˈsuːtkeɪs⁄ | bavul | My suitcase was very heavy. |
| passport⁄ˈpæspɔːrt⁄ | pasaport | I didn't forget my passport. |
| by bus | otobüsle | They travelled by bus. |
| souvenir⁄ˌsuːvəˈnɪr⁄ | hediyelik eşya | I bought a souvenir for my sister. |
Comparing Things
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| big⁄bɪɡ⁄ | büyük | Istanbul is a big city. |
| small⁄smɔːl⁄ | küçük | My flat is small. |
| cheap⁄tʃiːp⁄ | ucuz | This phone is cheap. |
| expensive⁄ɪkˈspensɪv⁄ | pahalı | London is expensive. |
| fast⁄fæst⁄ | hızlı | The train is fast. |
| slow⁄sloʊ⁄ | yavaş | My computer is slow. |
| old⁄oʊld⁄ | eski, yaşlı | This is an old building. |
| modern⁄ˈmɒdərn⁄ | modern | The airport is very modern. |
| crowded⁄ˈkraʊdɪd⁄ | kalabalık | The bus is crowded in the morning. |
| quiet⁄ˈkwaɪət⁄ | sessiz, sakin | My village is quiet. |
| noisy⁄ˈnɔɪzi⁄ | gürültülü | The street is noisy at night. |
| beautiful⁄ˈbjuːtɪfəl⁄ | güzel | Antalya is a beautiful city. |
| heavy⁄ˈhevi⁄ | ağır | This bag is heavy. |
| light⁄laɪt⁄ | hafif | The new laptop is light. |
| safe⁄seɪf⁄ | güvenli | This area is safe. |
| good⁄ɡʊd⁄ | iyi | This camera is good. |
| better⁄ˈbetər⁄ | daha iyi | Your phone is better than mine. |
| the best⁄best⁄ | en iyi | This is the best restaurant in town. |
| bad⁄bæd⁄ | kötü | The weather is bad today. |
| worse⁄wɜːrs⁄ | daha kötü | The traffic is worse today. |
| the worst⁄wɜːrst⁄ | en kötü | It was the worst film of the year. |
| than⁄ðæn⁄ | -den/-dan (daha) | Tea is cheaper than coffee. |
| price⁄praɪs⁄ | fiyat | The price is very high. |
| city⁄ˈsɪti⁄ | şehir | Which city is bigger? |
Health & the Body
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| head⁄hed⁄ | baş, kafa | My head hurts. |
| back⁄bæk⁄ | sırt | I have a pain in my back. |
| stomach⁄ˈstʌmək⁄ | mide, karın | My stomach hurts. |
| throat⁄θroʊt⁄ | boğaz | I have a sore throat. |
| arm⁄ɑːrm⁄ | kol | He broke his arm. |
| leg⁄leɡ⁄ | bacak | My leg hurts after the run. |
| tooth⁄tuːθ⁄ | diş | I have a bad tooth. |
| eye⁄aɪ⁄ | göz | My eyes are tired. |
| a cold⁄koʊld⁄ | nezle, soğuk algınlığı | I've got a cold. |
| headache⁄ˈhedeɪk⁄ | baş ağrısı | She has got a headache. |
| fever⁄ˈfiːvər⁄ | ateş | The child has a fever. |
| cough⁄kɒf⁄ | öksürük; öksürmek | He has a bad cough. |
| hurt⁄hɜːrt⁄ | ağrımak, acımak | My back hurts. |
| doctor⁄ˈdɒktər⁄ | doktor | You should see a doctor. |
| medicine⁄ˈmedsən⁄ | ilaç | Take this medicine twice a day. |
| rest⁄rest⁄ | dinlenmek | You should rest at home. |
| should⁄ʃʊd⁄ | -meli, -malı | You should drink more water. |
| shouldn't⁄ˈʃʊdnt⁄ | -memeli, -mamalı | You shouldn't eat so much sugar. |
| sick⁄sɪk⁄ | hasta | I feel sick today. |
| tired⁄ˈtaɪərd⁄ | yorgun | I am very tired. |
| worried⁄ˈwʌrid⁄ | endişeli | My mother is worried about me. |
| happy⁄ˈhæpi⁄ | mutlu | I feel happy today. |
| sad⁄sæd⁄ | üzgün | Why are you sad? |
| What's the matter? | Neyin var? / Sorun ne? | What's the matter? You look tired. |
Future & Promises
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| will⁄wɪl⁄ | -ecek, -acak | I will call you tonight. |
| won't⁄woʊnt⁄ | -meyecek, -mayacak | I won't forget. |
| be going to | -ecek (plan) | I'm going to study tonight. |
| promise⁄ˈprɒmɪs⁄ | söz vermek; söz | I promise I'll call you. |
| help⁄help⁄ | yardım etmek | I'll help you with your bags. |
| plan⁄plæn⁄ | plan | What are your plans for the weekend? |
| tomorrow⁄təˈmɒroʊ⁄ | yarın | It will be cold tomorrow. |
| next week | gelecek hafta | We're going to move next week. |
| tonight⁄təˈnaɪt⁄ | bu gece, bu akşam | I'm going to cook tonight. |
| soon⁄suːn⁄ | yakında | I'll be back soon. |
| probably⁄ˈprɒbəbli⁄ | muhtemelen | It will probably rain. |
| I think | bence, sanırım | I think she will win. |
| weather forecast⁄ˈfɔːrkæst⁄ | hava durumu | The weather forecast says it will snow. |
| rain⁄reɪn⁄ | yağmur; yağmur yağmak | It's going to rain. |
| snow⁄snoʊ⁄ | kar; kar yağmak | It will snow in the mountains. |
| sunny⁄ˈsʌni⁄ | güneşli | It will be sunny on Sunday. |
| cloudy⁄ˈklaʊdi⁄ | bulutlu | The morning will be cloudy. |
| windy⁄ˈwɪndi⁄ | rüzgarlı | It is very windy today. |
| hot⁄hɒt⁄ | sıcak | It will be hot in August. |
| cold⁄koʊld⁄ | soğuk | Tomorrow will be cold. |
| umbrella⁄ʌmˈbrelə⁄ | şemsiye | Take an umbrella. |
| carry⁄ˈkæri⁄ | taşımak | I'll carry your bag. |
| forget⁄fərˈɡet⁄ | unutmak | Don't forget your keys. |
| visit⁄ˈvɪzɪt⁄ | ziyaret etmek | We're going to visit Bursa. |
What Were You Doing?
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| was doing | yapıyordu, yapıyordum | What was she doing at nine? |
| while⁄waɪl⁄ | -ken, sırasında | While I was reading, the lights went out. |
| when⁄wen⁄ | -dığında, -ken | I was sleeping when you called. |
| suddenly⁄ˈsʌdənli⁄ | aniden | Suddenly the door opened. |
| then⁄ðen⁄ | sonra, ardından | Then we went home. |
| in the end | sonunda | In the end we found the keys. |
| happen⁄ˈhæpən⁄ | olmak, meydana gelmek | What happened last night? |
| ring⁄rɪŋ⁄ | çalmak (telefon, zil) | The phone rang at midnight. |
| fall⁄fɔːl⁄ | düşmek | He fell off his bike. |
| break⁄breɪk⁄ | kırmak, kırılmak | I broke a glass. |
| lose⁄luːz⁄ | kaybetmek | She lost her phone on the bus. |
| find⁄faɪnd⁄ | bulmak | We found a small cat in the garden. |
| meet⁄miːt⁄ | karşılaşmak, tanışmak | I met an old friend at the market. |
| wait⁄weɪt⁄ | beklemek | I was waiting for the bus. |
| drive⁄draɪv⁄ | araba sürmek | He was driving to work. |
| shout⁄ʃaʊt⁄ | bağırmak | Someone was shouting outside. |
| accident⁄ˈæksɪdənt⁄ | kaza | There was an accident on the road. |
| storm⁄stɔːrm⁄ | fırtına | A storm started in the night. |
| the lights | ışıklar | The lights went out during the storm. |
| neighbour⁄ˈneɪbər⁄ | komşu | My neighbour was playing the guitar. |
| street⁄striːt⁄ | sokak, cadde | We were walking down the street. |
| story⁄ˈstɔːri⁄ | hikâye | Tell me the whole story. |
| scared⁄skerd⁄ | korkmuş | The children were scared of the storm. |
| lucky⁄ˈlʌki⁄ | şanslı | We were lucky, nobody was hurt. |
In the Kitchen
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| flour⁄ˈflaʊər⁄ | un | We need some flour for the cake. |
| sugar⁄ˈʃʊɡər⁄ | şeker (toz) | How much sugar do you want? |
| salt⁄sɔːlt⁄ | tuz | Add a little salt. |
| butter⁄ˈbʌtər⁄ | tereyağı | Melt the butter in a pan. |
| oil⁄ɔɪl⁄ | yağ (sıvı) | Put some olive oil in the salad. |
| onion⁄ˈʌnjən⁄ | soğan | Cut two onions. |
| pepper⁄ˈpepər⁄ | biber | I like green peppers. |
| garlic⁄ˈɡɑːrlɪk⁄ | sarımsak | This soup needs a little garlic. |
| lemon⁄ˈlemən⁄ | limon | Squeeze a lemon over the fish. |
| recipe⁄ˈresəpi⁄ | tarif | This is my grandmother's recipe. |
| pan⁄pæn⁄ | tava | Heat the oil in a pan. |
| pot⁄pɒt⁄ | tencere | Put the rice in a big pot. |
| oven⁄ˈʌvən⁄ | fırın | Bake the cake in the oven. |
| cut⁄kʌt⁄ | kesmek, doğramak | Cut the onions into small pieces. |
| boil⁄bɔɪl⁄ | kaynatmak, haşlamak | Boil the eggs for ten minutes. |
| fry⁄fraɪ⁄ | kızartmak | Fry the peppers in a little oil. |
| bake⁄beɪk⁄ | fırında pişirmek | We bake bread on Sundays. |
| mix⁄mɪks⁄ | karıştırmak | Mix the flour and the sugar. |
| add⁄æd⁄ | eklemek | Add the eggs one by one. |
| how much | ne kadar | How much milk is there? |
| how many | kaç tane | How many eggs do we need? |
| a lot of | çok, bir sürü | There is a lot of rice in the pot. |
| a few | birkaç | I bought a few lemons. |
| a little | biraz, az miktarda | Add a little butter. |
Calls and Emails
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| call⁄kɔːl⁄ | aramak (telefonla); arama | I will call you this evening. |
| call back | geri aramak | Could you call me back later? |
| speak to | ile görüşmek, konuşmak | Can I speak to Ms Kaya, please? |
| hold on | beklemek (hatta) | Hold on, please. I will get him. |
| message⁄ˈmesɪdʒ⁄ | mesaj, not | Can I take a message? |
| leave⁄liːv⁄ | bırakmak | Can I leave a message? |
| phone number | telefon numarası | What's your phone number? |
| engaged⁄ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd⁄ | meşgul (hat) | I called, but the line was engaged. |
| battery⁄ˈbætəri⁄ | pil, şarj | My battery is low. |
| text⁄tekst⁄ | mesaj atmak; kısa mesaj | Text me when you arrive. |
| could you | -ebilir misiniz | Could you spell that, please? |
| I'd like to | -mek istiyorum | I'd like to book a table for two. |
| spell⁄spel⁄ | harf harf söylemek, hecelemek | How do you spell your name? |
| again⁄əˈɡen⁄ | tekrar | Could you say that again? |
| email⁄ˈiːmeɪl⁄ | e-posta | I sent you an email this morning. |
| send⁄send⁄ | göndermek | Could you send me the file? |
| reply⁄rɪˈplaɪ⁄ | cevap vermek; cevap | Please reply before Friday. |
| attached⁄əˈtætʃt⁄ | ekte, ekli | The photos are attached. |
| Dear⁄dɪr⁄ | Sayın, Sevgili (mektup başı) | Dear Mr Brown, |
| Best wishes | Saygılarımla, İyi dileklerimle | Best wishes, Deniz |
| meeting⁄ˈmiːtɪŋ⁄ | toplantı | The meeting is at ten. |
| appointment⁄əˈpɔɪntmənt⁄ | randevu | I'd like to make an appointment. |
| about⁄əˈbaʊt⁄ | hakkında | I'm writing about the meeting. |
| wrong number | yanlış numara | Sorry, you've got the wrong number. |
Around Town
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| across⁄əˈkrɒs⁄ | karşısına, karşıya | Walk across the road at the lights. |
| along⁄əˈlɒŋ⁄ | boyunca | We walked along the river. |
| past⁄pæst⁄ | önünden geçerek | Go past the bank and turn left. |
| through⁄θruː⁄ | içinden, arasından | The bus goes through the city centre. |
| over⁄ˈoʊvər⁄ | üstünden | The tram goes over the bridge. |
| under⁄ˈʌndər⁄ | altından, altında | The metro goes under the sea. |
| into⁄ˈɪntuː⁄ | -e, içine | She went into the shop. |
| out of | -den dışarı | Come out of the station and turn right. |
| get on | binmek (otobüs, tren) | Get on the bus at Taksim. |
| get off | inmek (otobüs, tren) | Get off at the third stop. |
| change⁄tʃeɪndʒ⁄ | aktarma yapmak; değiştirmek | Change to the M2 at Yenikapı. |
| stop⁄stɒp⁄ | durak | The bus stop is near my house. |
| tram⁄træm⁄ | tramvay | The tram is faster than the bus here. |
| metro⁄ˈmetroʊ⁄ | metro | I go to work by metro. |
| platform⁄ˈplætfɔːrm⁄ | peron | The train leaves from platform two. |
| timetable⁄ˈtaɪmteɪbəl⁄ | sefer saatleri, tarife | Check the timetable on your phone. |
| on time | zamanında | The ferry left on time. |
| miss⁄mɪs⁄ | kaçırmak | Hurry up, we'll miss the bus! |
| take⁄teɪk⁄ | sürmek (zaman) | It takes twenty minutes. |
| how long | ne kadar (süre) | How long does it take by tram? |
| traffic⁄ˈtræfɪk⁄ | trafik | There is a lot of traffic in the morning. |
| bridge⁄brɪdʒ⁄ | köprü | We drove over the bridge. |
| square⁄skwer⁄ | meydan | Meet me in the main square. |
| travel card | ulaşım kartı | Put money on your travel card. |
Invitations & Celebrations
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| invite⁄ɪnˈvaɪt⁄ | davet etmek | I want to invite all my friends. |
| invitation⁄ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən⁄ | davet, davetiye | Thank you for the invitation. |
| party⁄ˈpɑːrti⁄ | parti | We're having a party on Saturday. |
| birthday⁄ˈbɜːrθdeɪ⁄ | doğum günü | It's my birthday next week. |
| wedding⁄ˈwedɪŋ⁄ | düğün | My cousin's wedding is in June. |
| guest⁄ɡest⁄ | misafir, konuk | We have twenty guests. |
| present⁄ˈprezənt⁄ | hediye | I bought her a present. |
| celebrate⁄ˈselɪbreɪt⁄ | kutlamak | Let's celebrate your new job! |
| Congratulations!⁄kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃənz⁄ | Tebrikler! | Congratulations on your new baby! |
| Happy birthday! | Doğum günün kutlu olsun! | Happy birthday, Ayşe! |
| Would you like to...? | ...ister misin? | Would you like to come to dinner? |
| How about...? | ...ne dersin? | How about going to the cinema? |
| Why don't we...? | Neden ... yapmıyoruz? | Why don't we have a picnic? |
| I'd love to | Çok isterim | I'd love to come, thank you! |
| Sounds great | Harika olur | A picnic? Sounds great! |
| maybe next time | belki bir dahaki sefere | I'm sorry I can't. Maybe next time. |
| free⁄friː⁄ | boş, müsait | Are you free on Friday evening? |
| candle⁄ˈkændəl⁄ | mum | Blow out the candles! |
| decorate⁄ˈdekəreɪt⁄ | süslemek | We decorated the room with balloons. |
| balloon⁄bəˈluːn⁄ | balon | The children love the balloons. |
| surprise⁄sərˈpraɪz⁄ | sürpriz | It's a surprise party, don't tell him! |
| festival⁄ˈfestɪvəl⁄ | festival, bayram | We visit our grandparents during the festival. |
| New Year's Eve | yılbaşı gecesi | What are you doing on New Year's Eve? |
| arrive⁄əˈraɪv⁄ | varmak, gelmek | The guests are arriving at eight. |
Life Experiences
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| experience⁄ɪkˈspɪəriəns⁄ | deneyim, tecrübe | Living abroad was a great experience. |
| ever⁄ˈevər⁄ | hiç (soru) | Have you ever seen the sea at night? |
| never⁄ˈnevər⁄ | asla, hiç | I've never ridden a horse. |
| once⁄wʌns⁄ | bir kez | I've been to Izmir once. |
| twice⁄twaɪs⁄ | iki kez | She has read that book twice. |
| abroad⁄əˈbrɔːd⁄ | yurt dışı, yurt dışında | Have you ever lived abroad? |
| been⁄biːn⁄ | bulundu, gidip geldi (be fiilinin 3. hali) | We have been to Cappadocia. |
| gone⁄ɡɒn⁄ | gitti (go fiilinin 3. hali) | My father has gone to work. |
| try⁄traɪ⁄ | denemek | Have you ever tried Thai food? |
| climb⁄klaɪm⁄ | tırmanmak | He has climbed Mount Ararat. |
| win⁄wɪn⁄ | kazanmak | Our team has never won a cup. |
| lose⁄luːz⁄ | kaybetmek | I have lost my passport twice. |
| meet⁄miːt⁄ | tanışmak, buluşmak | Have you ever met a famous person? |
| famous⁄ˈfeɪməs⁄ | ünlü | She met a famous singer at the airport. |
| adventure⁄ədˈventʃər⁄ | macera | Our trip to the mountains was a real adventure. |
| dangerous⁄ˈdeɪndʒərəs⁄ | tehlikeli | Have you ever done anything dangerous? |
| amazing⁄əˈmeɪzɪŋ⁄ | harika, inanılmaz | The view from the top was amazing. |
| scared⁄skeərd⁄ | korkmuş | I was scared on the plane. |
| skydiving⁄ˈskaɪdaɪvɪŋ⁄ | paraşütle atlama | I've never been skydiving. |
| ago⁄əˈɡoʊ⁄ | önce | I visited London three years ago. |
| in my life | hayatımda | I've never been so tired in my life. |
| recently⁄ˈriːsntli⁄ | son zamanlarda | Have you seen any good films recently? |
| unforgettable⁄ˌʌnfərˈɡetəbl⁄ | unutulmaz | Our holiday in Kaş was unforgettable. |
| fly⁄flaɪ⁄ | uçmak, uçakla gitmek | Have you ever flown in a small plane? |
Work & Careers
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| career⁄kəˈrɪər⁄ | kariyer | She wants a career in medicine. |
| job⁄dʒɒb⁄ | iş | I have had this job for two years. |
| apply for⁄əˈplaɪ⁄ | başvurmak | He has applied for a job at a bank. |
| interview⁄ˈɪntərvjuː⁄ | mülakat, görüşme | I have a job interview tomorrow. |
| CV⁄ˌsiːˈviː⁄ | özgeçmiş | Have you sent your CV yet? |
| salary⁄ˈsæləri⁄ | maaş | The salary is good, but the hours are long. |
| colleague⁄ˈkɒliːɡ⁄ | iş arkadaşı | My colleagues are very helpful. |
| manager⁄ˈmænɪdʒər⁄ | yönetici, müdür | I have just spoken to my manager. |
| company⁄ˈkʌmpəni⁄ | şirket | She has worked for this company since 2019. |
| hire⁄ˈhaɪər⁄ | işe almak | The company has hired ten new people. |
| skill⁄skɪl⁄ | beceri | Good communication is an important skill. |
| responsible for⁄rɪˈspɒnsəbl⁄ | -den sorumlu | I am responsible for three projects. |
| full-time⁄ˌfʊlˈtaɪm⁄ | tam zamanlı | Is it a full-time job? |
| part-time⁄ˌpɑːrtˈtaɪm⁄ | yarı zamanlı | I had a part-time job at university. |
| promotion⁄prəˈmoʊʃn⁄ | terfi | She has just got a promotion. |
| quit⁄kwɪt⁄ | bırakmak, istifa etmek | He has quit his job. |
| for⁄fɔːr⁄ | -dir, süresince | I have lived here for ten years. |
| since⁄sɪns⁄ | -den beri | We have known each other since school. |
| already⁄ɔːlˈredi⁄ | zaten, çoktan | I have already finished the report. |
| yet⁄jet⁄ | henüz, daha | They haven't called me yet. |
| just⁄dʒʌst⁄ | az önce, henüz | The meeting has just started. |
| meeting⁄ˈmiːtɪŋ⁄ | toplantı | We have a meeting at ten. |
| deadline⁄ˈdedlaɪn⁄ | son teslim tarihi | The deadline is on Friday. |
| strength⁄streŋθ⁄ | güçlü yön | What are your strengths? |
If Things Happen
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| if⁄ɪf⁄ | eğer, -se, -sa | If you're tired, go to bed. |
| unless⁄ənˈles⁄ | -medikçe, -mezse | We'll be late unless we leave now. |
| when⁄wen⁄ | -ince, -dığında | When I finish work, I'll call you. |
| as soon as | -er -mez | I'll text you as soon as I arrive. |
| happen⁄ˈhæpən⁄ | olmak, meydana gelmek | What will happen if we miss the train? |
| miss⁄mɪs⁄ | kaçırmak | If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. |
| hurry⁄ˈhʌri⁄ | acele etmek | Hurry, or we'll be late! |
| melt⁄melt⁄ | erimek | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| boil⁄bɔɪl⁄ | kaynamak | Water boils at 100 degrees. |
| heat⁄hiːt⁄ | ısıtmak; ısı | If you heat butter, it melts. |
| freeze⁄friːz⁄ | donmak | Water freezes at zero degrees. |
| fail⁄feɪl⁄ | başarısız olmak, kalmak | If you don't study, you'll fail the exam. |
| pass⁄pæs⁄ | geçmek (sınav) | If she passes the exam, she will go to university. |
| catch a cold | soğuk algınlığına yakalanmak | Wear a coat or you'll catch a cold. |
| traffic⁄ˈtræfɪk⁄ | trafik | If there is traffic, we will be late. |
| on time | zamanında | If we leave now, we'll arrive on time. |
| just in case | ne olur ne olmaz | Take an umbrella, just in case. |
| possible⁄ˈpɒsəbl⁄ | mümkün | Is it possible to change the ticket? |
| probably⁄ˈprɒbəbli⁄ | muhtemelen | If it's sunny, we'll probably go to the beach. |
| plant⁄plænt⁄ | bitki | If you don't water plants, they die. |
| die⁄daɪ⁄ | ölmek | Plants die without water. |
| angry⁄ˈæŋɡri⁄ | kızgın | Mum will be angry if we're late. |
| lend⁄lend⁄ | ödünç vermek | If you need money, I'll lend you some. |
| borrow⁄ˈbɒroʊ⁄ | ödünç almak | Can I borrow your pen? |
Imagine That
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| imagine⁄ɪˈmædʒɪn⁄ | hayal etmek | Imagine you could fly. |
| would⁄wʊd⁄ | -erdi, -ardı | I would buy a house by the sea. |
| wish⁄wɪʃ⁄ | dilemek; keşke | I wish I had more time. |
| advice⁄ədˈvaɪs⁄ | tavsiye, öğüt | Can I give you some advice? |
| advise⁄ədˈvaɪz⁄ | tavsiye etmek | The doctor advised me to rest. |
| should⁄ʃʊd⁄ | -meli, -malı | You should see a doctor. |
| lottery⁄ˈlɒtəri⁄ | piyango | If I won the lottery, I would stop working. |
| rich⁄rɪtʃ⁄ | zengin | If I were rich, I would help my family. |
| invisible⁄ɪnˈvɪzəbl⁄ | görünmez | What would you do if you were invisible? |
| superpower⁄ˈsuːpərpaʊər⁄ | süper güç | If you had a superpower, what would it be? |
| island⁄ˈaɪlənd⁄ | ada | I would live on a quiet island. |
| dream⁄driːm⁄ | hayal, rüya | My dream is to open a café. |
| afford⁄əˈfɔːrd⁄ | (parası) yetmek | I can't afford a new car. |
| decision⁄dɪˈsɪʒn⁄ | karar | It is a difficult decision. |
| regret⁄rɪˈɡret⁄ | pişman olmak | You won't regret it. |
| apologise⁄əˈpɒlədʒaɪz⁄ | özür dilemek | If I were you, I'd apologise. |
| honest⁄ˈɒnɪst⁄ | dürüst | Be honest with her. |
| worried⁄ˈwʌrid⁄ | endişeli | I'm worried about my exam. |
| free time | boş zaman | I wish I had more free time. |
| instead⁄ɪnˈsted⁄ | onun yerine | I'd take the train instead. |
| tall⁄tɔːl⁄ | uzun boylu | I wish I were taller. |
| anywhere⁄ˈeniweər⁄ | herhangi bir yer | If you could live anywhere, where would you live? |
| situation⁄ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn⁄ | durum | What would you do in my situation? |
| tell the truth | doğruyu söylemek | If I were you, I'd tell the truth. |
The Way It Was
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| used to⁄ˈjuːst tə⁄ | eskiden ...erdi | I used to walk to school. |
| be used to | alışkın olmak | I'm used to the noise. |
| get used to | alışmak | You'll get used to the new job. |
| childhood⁄ˈtʃaɪldhʊd⁄ | çocukluk | I had a happy childhood. |
| village⁄ˈvɪlɪdʒ⁄ | köy | My father grew up in a village. |
| grow up | büyümek | Where did you grow up? |
| memory⁄ˈmeməri⁄ | anı, hatıra | I have good memories of that summer. |
| remember⁄rɪˈmembər⁄ | hatırlamak | I remember my first teacher. |
| nowadays⁄ˈnaʊədeɪz⁄ | günümüzde, bugünlerde | Nowadays everyone has a phone. |
| anymore⁄ˌeniˈmɔːr⁄ | artık (olumsuz) | I don't eat meat anymore. |
| in the past | geçmişte | In the past, people wrote letters. |
| change⁄tʃeɪndʒ⁄ | değişmek; değişim | The city has changed a lot. |
| letter⁄ˈletər⁄ | mektup | My grandfather used to write letters. |
| neighbour⁄ˈneɪbər⁄ | komşu | We used to visit our neighbours every evening. |
| noise⁄nɔɪz⁄ | gürültü | I can't get used to the noise. |
| crowded⁄ˈkraʊdɪd⁄ | kalabalık | The city is much more crowded now. |
| quiet⁄ˈkwaɪət⁄ | sessiz, sakin | Our street used to be quiet. |
| shy⁄ʃaɪ⁄ | utangaç | I used to be very shy. |
| strict⁄strɪkt⁄ | sert, katı | My teachers used to be very strict. |
| climate⁄ˈklaɪmət⁄ | iklim | It's hard to get used to a new climate. |
| move⁄muːv⁄ | taşınmak | We moved to Istanbul in 2015. |
| cartoon⁄kɑːrˈtuːn⁄ | çizgi film | I used to watch cartoons every morning. |
| stay up late | geç saate kadar oturmak | I'm not used to staying up late. |
| drive on the left | soldan gitmek (trafikte) | In London I had to get used to driving on the left. |
Made and Done
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| make (made) | yapmak, üretmek | These shoes are made in Italy. |
| build (built)⁄bɪld⁄ | inşa etmek | The bridge was built in 1973. |
| grow (grown) | yetiştirmek | Tea is grown in Rize. |
| produce⁄prəˈdjuːs⁄ | üretmek | Cars are produced in this factory. |
| invent | icat etmek | The telephone was invented by Bell. |
| write (written) | yazmak | This book was written in 1950. |
| paint | boyamak, resmini yapmak | The house was painted last summer. |
| send (sent) | göndermek | The emails were sent this morning. |
| deliver⁄dɪˈlɪvə⁄ | teslim etmek | The parcel was delivered on Monday. |
| clean | temizlemek | The rooms are cleaned every day. |
| recycle⁄riːˈsaɪkl⁄ | geri dönüştürmek | Paper and glass are recycled here. |
| translate | çevirmek | The book was translated into Turkish. |
| discover | keşfetmek | The cave was discovered in 1990. |
| export | ihraç etmek | Hazelnuts are exported to many countries. |
| design⁄dɪˈzaɪn⁄ | tasarlamak | The museum was designed by a famous architect. |
| factory | fabrika | My uncle works in a car factory. |
| process | süreç | Making cheese is a slow process. |
| product | ürün | This product is made from recycled plastic. |
| machine | makine | The bottles are filled by a machine. |
| worker | işçi | The workers start at seven. |
| parcel | paket, koli | Your parcel was sent yesterday. |
| material | malzeme | Wood is a natural material. |
| architect⁄ˈɑːkɪtekt⁄ | mimar | The bridge was designed by an architect. |
| by | tarafından | The song was written by my brother. |
People and Places
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| neighbour⁄ˈneɪbə⁄ | komşu | My neighbour is the man who fixes bikes. |
| colleague⁄ˈkɒliːɡ⁄ | iş arkadaşı | She is the colleague who helped me. |
| stranger | yabancı (tanımadık kişi) | A stranger asked me the way. |
| owner | sahip | The owner of the shop is very kind. |
| tourist | turist | Tourists who visit Istanbul love the ferries. |
| village | köy | This is the village where my father grew up. |
| square | meydan | We met in the main square. |
| library⁄ˈlaɪbrəri⁄ | kütüphane | The library where I study is very quiet. |
| hometown | memleket | Trabzon is my hometown. |
| building | bina | That is the building where I work. |
| wallet | cüzdan | I found the wallet that you lost. |
| tool | alet | A hammer is a tool which you use for nails. |
| device⁄dɪˈvaɪs⁄ | cihaz | This is a device that cleans the air. |
| curly | kıvırcık | The girl who has curly hair is my cousin. |
| bald⁄bɔːld⁄ | kel | The bald man is our teacher. |
| beard⁄bɪəd⁄ | sakal | The man who has a beard is my uncle. |
| friendly | cana yakın, samimi | People who live here are very friendly. |
| shy | utangaç | He is a shy boy who rarely talks. |
| crowded | kalabalık | It is a crowded street where you can buy anything. |
| peaceful | huzurlu, sakin | I want to live in a peaceful place. |
| who | (kişi için) -an / -en | The woman who lives next door is a doctor. |
| which | (şey için) -an / -dığı | The bus which goes to the airport is number 12. |
| that | (kişi / şey için) -an / -dığı | The film that we watched was great. |
| where | (yer için) -dığı yer | This is the house where I was born. |
Likes and Plans
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| enjoy⁄ɪnˈdʒɔɪ⁄ | keyif almak, sevmek | I enjoy reading before bed. |
| avoid⁄əˈvɔɪd⁄ | kaçınmak | I avoid eating late at night. |
| mind | sakıncası olmak, aldırmak | I don't mind waiting. |
| keep (doing) | (yapmaya) devam etmek | She keeps practising every day. |
| decide | karar vermek | I decided to learn Spanish. |
| hope | ummak | We hope to travel next year. |
| plan | planlamak | They plan to open a café. |
| promise | söz vermek | He promised to help me. |
| agree | kabul etmek, razı olmak | She agreed to join the team. |
| practise | pratik yapmak, çalışmak | I practise the piano every evening. |
| give up | bırakmak, vazgeçmek | Don't give up learning English. |
| take up | (bir hobiye) başlamak | I took up yoga last year. |
| hobby | hobi | My favourite hobby is hiking. |
| goal | hedef | My goal is to run a marathon. |
| skill | beceri | Cooking is a useful skill. |
| hiking | doğa yürüyüşü | We go hiking in the mountains. |
| photography⁄fəˈtɒɡrəfi⁄ | fotoğrafçılık | He is interested in photography. |
| gardening | bahçıvanlık | My grandfather loves gardening. |
| knitting⁄ˈnɪtɪŋ⁄ | örgü örmek | Knitting helps me relax. |
| marathon | maraton | She wants to run a marathon. |
| instrument | enstrüman, çalgı | Do you play an instrument? |
| relax | rahatlamak | I listen to music to relax. |
| good at | -de iyi | I'm good at drawing. |
| interested in | -e ilgili | I'm interested in learning Japanese. |
Rules and Duties
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| rule | kural | Every school has its own rules. |
| duty⁄ˈdjuːti⁄ | görev | It's my duty to lock the office. |
| uniform | üniforma | Students have to wear a uniform. |
| helmet | kask | You must wear a helmet on the building site. |
| exam | sınav | You mustn't talk during the exam. |
| homework | ödev | We have to hand in our homework on Monday. |
| deadline | son teslim tarihi | The deadline is next Friday. |
| manager | müdür, yönetici | You should ask your manager. |
| staff | personel | All staff must attend the meeting. |
| shift | vardiya | My shift starts at six. |
| meeting | toplantı | The meeting starts at nine. |
| permission⁄pəˈmɪʃn⁄ | izin | You need permission to leave early. |
| break | mola, teneffüs | We have a ten-minute break. |
| allowed⁄əˈlaʊd⁄ | izin verilen, serbest | Phones aren't allowed in class. |
| forbidden | yasak | Running is forbidden here. |
| necessary | gerekli | It isn't necessary to bring food. |
| polite | kibar | You should be polite to customers. |
| on time | zamanında | You must arrive on time. |
| sign in | giriş kaydı yapmak | Visitors have to sign in at reception. |
| hand in | teslim etmek | Please hand in your homework. |
| attend | katılmak | I have to attend a meeting. |
| follow (the rules) | (kurallara) uymak | Everyone has to follow the rules. |
| must | -meli, -malı | You must wear a seat belt. |
| should | -meli (tavsiye) | You should go to bed early. |
Tech & Media
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| device⁄dɪˈvaɪs⁄ | cihaz | Most people have more than one device. |
| app | uygulama | I use this app because it is free. |
| screen | ekran | Children look at screens too much. |
| download | indirmek | I downloaded a new game. |
| upload | yüklemek | She uploads videos every week. |
| post | paylaşım; paylaşmak | Your last post got a lot of likes. |
| share | paylaşmak | Don't share your password. |
| follower | takipçi | He has ten thousand followers. |
| comment | yorum | I read the comments under the video. |
| news | haberler | I read the news on my phone. |
| fake | sahte | There is a lot of fake news online. |
| privacy⁄ˈprɪvəsi⁄ | gizlilik | Privacy is important to me. |
| addicted | bağımlı | Some teenagers are addicted to their phones. |
| useful | faydalı, kullanışlı | The internet is very useful for students. |
| harmful | zararlı | Too much screen time can be harmful. |
| online | çevrimiçi, internette | We spend hours online every day. |
| waste (time) | (zaman) harcamak, boşa geçirmek | I waste too much time on my phone. |
| opinion⁄əˈpɪnjən⁄ | fikir, görüş | In my opinion, it is a good idea. |
| agree | katılmak (fikre) | I agree with you. |
| disagree | katılmamak | I disagree with that idea. |
| because | çünkü | I like it because it is fast. |
| although⁄ɔːlˈðəʊ⁄ | -e rağmen | Although it is old, my laptop works well. |
| however | ancak, fakat | It is fun. However, it wastes time. |
| point | nokta, görüş | That's a good point. |
Reported Speech
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| say⁄seɪ⁄ | söylemek, demek | She said that she was tired. |
| tell⁄tel⁄ | söylemek, anlatmak (birine) | He told me the news. |
| ask⁄ɑːsk⁄ | sormak; rica etmek | She asked me where I lived. |
| explain⁄ɪkˈspleɪn⁄ | açıklamak | He explained that the train was late. |
| claim⁄kleɪm⁄ | iddia etmek | He claimed that he had never met her. |
| admit⁄ədˈmɪt⁄ | kabul etmek, itiraf etmek | She admitted that she had made a mistake. |
| deny⁄dɪˈnaɪ⁄ | inkâr etmek, reddetmek | He denied taking the money. |
| promise⁄ˈprɒmɪs⁄ | söz vermek | She promised that she would help. |
| warn⁄wɔːn⁄ | uyarmak | They warned us not to swim there. |
| remind⁄rɪˈmaɪnd⁄ | hatırlatmak | Remind me to call my mother. |
| suggest⁄səˈdʒest⁄ | önermek | He suggested that we should leave early. |
| complain⁄kəmˈpleɪn⁄ | şikâyet etmek | She complained that the room was cold. |
| whether⁄ˈweðə⁄ | -ip -mediği, olup olmadığı | He asked whether I was ready. |
| rumour⁄ˈruːmə⁄ | söylenti, dedikodu | There is a rumour that the shop will close. |
| statement⁄ˈsteɪtmənt⁄ | açıklama, ifade | The minister made a short statement. |
| message⁄ˈmesɪdʒ⁄ | mesaj | She left a message for you. |
| gossip⁄ˈɡɒsɪp⁄ | dedikodu | I never listen to office gossip. |
| tell the truth | doğruyu söylemek | I always tell the truth. |
| tell a lie | yalan söylemek | He told a lie to his boss. |
| according to | -e göre | According to Ali, the meeting is cancelled. |
| apparently⁄əˈpærəntli⁄ | görünüşe göre, anlaşılan | Apparently, she has moved to Izmir. |
| the day before | bir önceki gün | He said he had seen her the day before. |
| the next day | ertesi gün | She said she would come the next day. |
| repeat⁄rɪˈpiːt⁄ | tekrarlamak | Could you repeat what he said? |
Regrets & What Ifs
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| regret⁄rɪˈɡret⁄ | pişman olmak; pişmanlık | I regret selling my old car. |
| wish⁄wɪʃ⁄ | keşke; dilemek | I wish I had listened to you. |
| mistake⁄mɪˈsteɪk⁄ | hata | Leaving early was a big mistake. |
| chance⁄tʃɑːns⁄ | şans, fırsat | I missed my chance. |
| opportunity⁄ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti⁄ | fırsat | It was a great opportunity. |
| miss⁄mɪs⁄ | kaçırmak | She missed the last train. |
| decision⁄dɪˈsɪʒn⁄ | karar | It was a difficult decision. |
| consequence⁄ˈkɒnsɪkwəns⁄ | sonuç (kötü) | Every choice has consequences. |
| blame⁄bleɪm⁄ | suçlamak | Don't blame yourself. |
| apologise⁄əˈpɒlədʒaɪz⁄ | özür dilemek | I should have apologised. |
| in hindsight⁄ˈhaɪndsaɪt⁄ | geriye dönüp bakınca | In hindsight, it was the wrong choice. |
| if only | keşke | If only I had known! |
| otherwise⁄ˈʌðəwaɪz⁄ | aksi halde, yoksa | I left early; otherwise I would have missed the plane. |
| luckily⁄ˈlʌkɪli⁄ | neyse ki | Luckily, nobody was hurt. |
| unfortunately⁄ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli⁄ | maalesef | Unfortunately, I failed the exam. |
| warning⁄ˈwɔːnɪŋ⁄ | uyarı | I ignored the warning. |
| ignore⁄ɪɡˈnɔː⁄ | görmezden gelmek | He ignored my advice. |
| advice⁄ədˈvaɪs⁄ | tavsiye, öğüt | I should have taken your advice. |
| accept⁄əkˈsept⁄ | kabul etmek | If I had accepted the offer, I would live in London now. |
| offer⁄ˈɒfə⁄ | teklif | She turned down the job offer. |
| turn down | geri çevirmek, reddetmek | Why did you turn down the offer? |
| make up your mind | karar vermek | I could not make up my mind. |
| no use crying over spilt milk | olan oldu, üzülmenin faydası yok | It's no use crying over spilt milk. |
| learn your lesson | dersini almak | I have learned my lesson. |
Looking Ahead
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| future⁄ˈfjuːtʃə⁄ | gelecek | Nobody knows what the future will bring. |
| predict⁄prɪˈdɪkt⁄ | tahmin etmek, öngörmek | Experts predict that prices will rise. |
| prediction⁄prɪˈdɪkʃn⁄ | tahmin, öngörü | His prediction came true. |
| likely⁄ˈlaɪkli⁄ | muhtemel | It is likely to rain later. |
| unlikely⁄ʌnˈlaɪkli⁄ | olası değil | He is unlikely to win. |
| definitely⁄ˈdefɪnətli⁄ | kesinlikle | Technology will definitely change our lives. |
| be about to | -mek üzere olmak | The train is about to leave. |
| by the time | -diği zamana kadar | By the time you arrive, I will have left. |
| decade⁄ˈdekeɪd⁄ | on yıl | The city will change a lot in the next decade. |
| century⁄ˈsentʃəri⁄ | yüzyıl | By the end of the century, sea levels will have risen. |
| society⁄səˈsaɪəti⁄ | toplum | Society is getting older. |
| population⁄ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn⁄ | nüfus | The world population will reach ten billion. |
| technology⁄tekˈnɒlədʒi⁄ | teknoloji | Technology is developing fast. |
| replace⁄rɪˈpleɪs⁄ | yerini almak | Robots may replace some workers. |
| remote work | uzaktan çalışma | Remote work is likely to become normal. |
| climate change | iklim değişikliği | Climate change will affect every country. |
| renewable energy | yenilenebilir enerji | Most of our electricity will come from renewable energy. |
| affect⁄əˈfekt⁄ | etkilemek | These changes will affect young people most. |
| improve⁄ɪmˈpruːv⁄ | iyileşmek, geliştirmek | Healthcare will improve. |
| disappear⁄ˌdɪsəˈpɪə⁄ | yok olmak, kaybolmak | Cash may disappear completely. |
| retire⁄rɪˈtaɪə⁄ | emekli olmak | By 2050, I will have retired. |
| in the long run | uzun vadede | In the long run, it will save money. |
| sooner or later | er ya da geç | Sooner or later, everyone will drive electric cars. |
| this time tomorrow | yarın bu saatte | This time tomorrow I will be lying on the beach. |
Must Have Been
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| mystery⁄ˈmɪstəri⁄ | gizem | The missing painting is still a mystery. |
| clue⁄kluː⁄ | ipucu | The detective found an important clue. |
| evidence⁄ˈevɪdəns⁄ | kanıt | There is no evidence against him. |
| suspect⁄ˈsʌspekt⁄ | şüpheli | The police questioned three suspects. |
| detective⁄dɪˈtektɪv⁄ | dedektif | The detective solved the case. |
| witness⁄ˈwɪtnəs⁄ | tanık | A witness saw a man running away. |
| alibi⁄ˈæləbaɪ⁄ | suç anında başka yerde olduğunun kanıtı, mazeret | She has a strong alibi. |
| footprint⁄ˈfʊtprɪnt⁄ | ayak izi | There were muddy footprints on the floor. |
| steal⁄stiːl⁄ | çalmak | Someone must have stolen my bike. |
| break in | zorla içeri girmek | Thieves broke in through the window. |
| solve⁄sɒlv⁄ | çözmek | We finally solved the mystery. |
| case⁄keɪs⁄ | dava, vaka, olay | The case is closed. |
| guilty⁄ˈɡɪlti⁄ | suçlu | He looks guilty. |
| innocent⁄ˈɪnəsnt⁄ | masum | She must be innocent. |
| missing⁄ˈmɪsɪŋ⁄ | kayıp | The keys are missing. |
| unlocked⁄ʌnˈlɒkt⁄ | kilitli olmayan, açık | The back door was unlocked. |
| obviously⁄ˈɒbviəsli⁄ | açıkça, belli ki | Obviously, the thief knew the house. |
| possibly⁄ˈpɒsəbli⁄ | muhtemelen, belki | It was possibly an accident. |
| judging by | -e bakılırsa | Judging by the footprints, he was a tall man. |
| it looks as if | öyle görünüyor ki | It looks as if someone broke in. |
| there's no way | imkânı yok | There's no way he did it. |
| explanation⁄ˌekspləˈneɪʃn⁄ | açıklama | There must be a simple explanation. |
| vanish⁄ˈvænɪʃ⁄ | ortadan kaybolmak | The necklace vanished overnight. |
| neighbour⁄ˈneɪbə⁄ | komşu | Our neighbour might have heard something. |
Business English
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| meeting⁄ˈmiːtɪŋ⁄ | toplantı | The meeting has been postponed. |
| agenda⁄əˈdʒendə⁄ | gündem | The first item on the agenda is the budget. |
| deadline⁄ˈdedlaɪn⁄ | son teslim tarihi | The deadline is next Friday. |
| budget⁄ˈbʌdʒɪt⁄ | bütçe | We need to stay within budget. |
| proposal⁄prəˈpəʊzl⁄ | teklif, öneri | They accepted our proposal. |
| contract⁄ˈkɒntrækt⁄ | sözleşme | Please sign the contract. |
| negotiate⁄nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt⁄ | müzakere etmek, pazarlık etmek | We negotiated a better price. |
| discount⁄ˈdɪskaʊnt⁄ | indirim | We could offer a ten percent discount. |
| attach⁄əˈtætʃ⁄ | eklemek (e-postaya) | Please find attached the report. |
| enquire⁄ɪnˈkwaɪə⁄ | bilgi almak, sormak | I am writing to enquire about your prices. |
| grateful⁄ˈɡreɪtfl⁄ | minnettar | I would be grateful if you could reply soon. |
| postpone⁄pəˈspəʊn⁄ | ertelemek | They postponed the meeting until Monday. |
| furthermore⁄ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː⁄ | ayrıca, üstelik | Furthermore, delivery is free. |
| nevertheless⁄ˌnevəðəˈles⁄ | yine de | It was expensive. Nevertheless, we bought it. |
| whereas⁄weərˈæz⁄ | oysa, -iken | I prefer email, whereas my boss prefers phone calls. |
| therefore⁄ˈðeəfɔː⁄ | bu nedenle | Sales fell; therefore, we cut costs. |
| moreover⁄mɔːrˈəʊvə⁄ | üstelik | The plan is cheap. Moreover, it is fast. |
| willing⁄ˈwɪlɪŋ⁄ | istekli, razı | Would you be willing to lower the price? |
| compromise⁄ˈkɒmprəmaɪz⁄ | uzlaşma, orta yol | We reached a compromise. |
| meet halfway | ortada buluşmak, uzlaşmak | Let's meet halfway. |
| it's a deal | anlaştık | Fine, it's a deal. |
| I'm afraid | maalesef, korkarım ki | I'm afraid we can't accept that. |
| look forward to | dört gözle beklemek | I look forward to hearing from you. |
| kind regards | saygılarımla | Kind regards, Zeynep Kaya |
Advanced Passives
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| repair⁄rɪˈpeə⁄ | onarmak, tamir etmek | The roof has been repaired. |
| deliver⁄dɪˈlɪvə⁄ | teslim etmek | The parcel will be delivered tomorrow. |
| build⁄bɪld⁄ | inşa etmek | The bridge was built in 1890. |
| replace⁄rɪˈpleɪs⁄ | değiştirmek, yenisini koymak | The old windows must be replaced. |
| cancel⁄ˈkænsl⁄ | iptal etmek | The flight has been cancelled. |
| postpone | ertelemek | The meeting might be postponed. |
| arrest⁄əˈrest⁄ | tutuklamak | Two men have been arrested. |
| steal⁄stiːl⁄ | çalmak | My bike was stolen last night. |
| haircut | saç kesimi | I need to get a haircut. |
| mechanic⁄mɪˈkænɪk⁄ | tamirci | The mechanic checked the brakes. |
| tailor | terzi | I had my suit shortened by a tailor. |
| plumber⁄ˈplʌmə⁄ | tesisatçı | We had the pipes fixed by a plumber. |
| decorate | boyamak, dekore etmek | We are having the living room decorated. |
| install⁄ɪnˈstɔːl⁄ | kurmak, monte etmek | A new alarm has been installed. |
| believe | inanmak | He is believed to be very rich. |
| report | bildirmek, haber vermek | It is reported that prices will rise. |
| expect | beklemek, ummak | The results are expected next week. |
| rumour⁄ˈruːmə⁄ | söylenti | There is a rumour that the shop will close. |
| witness | tanık | The witness was questioned by the police. |
| damage⁄ˈdæmɪdʒ⁄ | hasar vermek; hasar | The house was damaged in the storm. |
| renovate | yenilemek, tadilat yapmak | The museum is being renovated. |
| inspect | denetlemek, incelemek | The building should be inspected every year. |
| receipt⁄rɪˈsiːt⁄ | fiş, makbuz | Keep the receipt in case it needs to be returned. |
| by hand | elle | These shoes were made by hand. |
Isn't It?
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| wonder⁄ˈwʌndə⁄ | merak etmek | I wonder what time it starts. |
| mind | sakıncası olmak, aldırmak | Would you mind waiting a moment? |
| polite⁄pəˈlaɪt⁄ | kibar | It is polite to say thank you. |
| rude | kaba | Don't be rude to the waiter. |
| request⁄rɪˈkwest⁄ | rica, istek | I have a small request. |
| suggest⁄səˈdʒest⁄ | önermek | Could you suggest a good hotel? |
| slightly | biraz, hafifçe | The price is slightly higher than we expected. |
| a bit | biraz | It's a bit late to call. |
| perhaps | belki | Perhaps we could meet tomorrow. |
| seem | gibi görünmek | It seems a little expensive. |
| appreciate⁄əˈpriːʃieɪt⁄ | minnettar olmak, takdir etmek | I would appreciate your help. |
| available⁄əˈveɪləbl⁄ | müsait, mevcut | Do you know if the manager is available? |
| directions | yol tarifi | Could you give me directions to the museum? |
| opening hours | çalışma saatleri | Do you know the opening hours of the bank? |
| whether⁄ˈweðə⁄ | -ip -mediği | I am not sure whether he is coming. |
| bother | rahatsız etmek | Sorry to bother you, but I'm lost. |
| recommend | tavsiye etmek | Can you recommend a restaurant? |
| confirm | onaylamak, teyit etmek | Could you confirm the date, please? |
| disagree | katılmamak | I'm afraid I disagree with you. |
| I'm afraid | maalesef, korkarım ki | I'm afraid we are fully booked. |
| exactly | tam olarak | Do you know exactly where it is? |
| favour⁄ˈfeɪvə⁄ | iyilik | Could you do me a favour? |
| delay | gecikme | Sorry for the delay. |
| reception | resepsiyon | Could you tell me where reception is? |
Phrasal Verbs at Work
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| bring up | gündeme getirmek | She brought up the budget at the meeting. |
| carry out | yürütmek, gerçekleştirmek | We carried out a survey of our customers. |
| put off | ertelemek | Let's put the meeting off until Friday. |
| look into | araştırmak, incelemek | IT will look into the problem. |
| come up with | (fikir, çözüm) bulmak | He came up with a clever solution. |
| set up | kurmak, ayarlamak | Can you set up a call with the client? |
| fill in | (form) doldurmak | Please fill in this form. |
| hand in | teslim etmek | Hand in your report by Monday. |
| turn down | reddetmek | She turned down the job offer. |
| take on | üstlenmek; işe almak | The company is taking on new staff. |
| deal with | ilgilenmek, halletmek | I will deal with the complaint. |
| run out of | -i tükenmek, bitmek | We have run out of printer paper. |
| keep up with | -e yetişmek, ayak uydurmak | I can't keep up with all my emails. |
| call off | iptal etmek | They called off the conference. |
| follow up | takip etmek | I will follow up with an email. |
| point out | dikkat çekmek, belirtmek | She pointed out a mistake in the report. |
| sort out | çözmek, halletmek | Don't worry, we'll sort it out. |
| get back to | -e geri dönüş yapmak | I'll get back to you tomorrow. |
| deadline⁄ˈdedlaɪn⁄ | son teslim tarihi | The deadline is next Friday. |
| colleague⁄ˈkɒliːɡ⁄ | iş arkadaşı | My colleague helped me with the slides. |
| agenda⁄əˈdʒendə⁄ | gündem | What is on the agenda today? |
| proposal | teklif, öneri | The client accepted our proposal. |
| client | müşteri | We are meeting the client at ten. |
| workload | iş yükü | My workload is very heavy this month. |
Idioms & Natural Speech
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| a piece of cake | çocuk oyuncağı, çok kolay | The test was a piece of cake. |
| break the ice | buzları kırmak | He told a joke to break the ice. |
| on the fence | kararsız | I'm still on the fence about the job. |
| under the weather | keyifsiz, biraz hasta | I'm feeling a bit under the weather today. |
| once in a blue moon | kırk yılda bir | We only eat out once in a blue moon. |
| cost an arm and a leg | çok pahalı olmak | That phone cost an arm and a leg. |
| hit the sack | yatmak, uyumaya gitmek | I'm tired. I'm going to hit the sack. |
| spill the beans | ağzından kaçırmak, sırrı açmak | Don't spill the beans about the party. |
| get cold feet | son anda korkup vazgeçmek | He got cold feet before the interview. |
| call it a day | paydos etmek | It's late. Let's call it a day. |
| the last straw | bardağı taşıran son damla | Being late again was the last straw. |
| in hot water | başı belada | He's in hot water with his boss. |
| see eye to eye | aynı fikirde olmak | We don't always see eye to eye. |
| keep an eye on | göz kulak olmak | Can you keep an eye on my bag? |
| pull someone's leg | birine şaka yapmak, işletmek | Relax, I'm just pulling your leg. |
| in a nutshell | kısacası | In a nutshell, the trip was great. |
| anyway | neyse | Anyway, how was your weekend? |
| kind of | biraz, bir nevi | The film was kind of boring. |
| I mean | yani | I mean, it wasn't bad. |
| No way! | Olamaz! / Hadi canım! | No way! You met him? |
| fair enough | haklısın, makul | Fair enough, we can go tomorrow. |
| idiom⁄ˈɪdiəm⁄ | deyim | This idiom is very common in English. |
| literally⁄ˈlɪtərəli⁄ | kelimenin tam anlamıyla | Don't translate idioms literally. |
| catch up | hasret gidermek, sohbet edip haberleşmek | Let's meet for coffee and catch up. |
Global Issues
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| climate change | iklim değişikliği | Climate change affects every country. |
| pollution⁄pəˈluːʃn⁄ | kirlilik | Air pollution is a serious problem in big cities. |
| emissions⁄iˈmɪʃnz⁄ | salınım, emisyon | We must reduce carbon emissions. |
| renewable energy | yenilenebilir enerji | Solar power is a type of renewable energy. |
| waste | atık; israf etmek | Plastic waste ends up in the sea. |
| recycle⁄ˌriːˈsaɪkl⁄ | geri dönüştürmek | We recycle glass and paper. |
| drought⁄draʊt⁄ | kuraklık | The drought destroyed the crops. |
| flood⁄flʌd⁄ | sel | The flood damaged hundreds of homes. |
| poverty⁄ˈpɒvəti⁄ | yoksulluk | Millions of people live in poverty. |
| inequality | eşitsizlik | Inequality between rich and poor is growing. |
| unemployment | işsizlik | Unemployment among young people is high. |
| population | nüfus | The world population is over eight billion. |
| government⁄ˈɡʌvənmənt⁄ | hükümet | The government has promised new laws. |
| sustainable⁄səˈsteɪnəbl⁄ | sürdürülebilir | We need a more sustainable lifestyle. |
| reduce | azaltmak | Cycling can reduce traffic. |
| advantage⁄ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ⁄ | avantaj | One advantage of trains is that they are fast. |
| disadvantage | dezavantaj | The main disadvantage is the price. |
| drawback | sakınca, olumsuz yan | The only drawback is the noise. |
| on the other hand | öte yandan | On the other hand, it is very expensive. |
| moreover | ayrıca, üstelik | Moreover, it creates new jobs. |
| although⁄ɔːlˈðəʊ⁄ | -e rağmen | Although it is cheap, it is not very good. |
| to sum up | özetle, sonuç olarak | To sum up, both sides have good points. |
| debate | tartışma, münazara | We had a debate about nuclear energy. |
| argument | argüman, gerekçe | Her argument was very convincing. |
Inversion & Emphasis
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| seldom⁄ˈseldəm⁄ | nadiren | Seldom have I heard such nonsense. |
| rarely⁄ˈreəli⁄ | nadiren, seyrek | Rarely do we see such talent. |
| hardly⁄ˈhɑːdli⁄ | neredeyse hiç, daha yeni | Hardly had we arrived when it began to snow. |
| scarcely⁄ˈskeəsli⁄ | güç bela, daha yeni | Scarcely had she spoken when the lights went out. |
| no sooner | yapar yapmaz | No sooner had I left than it started to rain. |
| not only | sadece ... değil | Not only is he clever, but he is also kind. |
| under no circumstances | hiçbir koşulda | Under no circumstances should you share your password. |
| on no account | asla, hiçbir surette | On no account must the door be left open. |
| little did I know | hiç bilmiyordum ki | Little did I know that my life was about to change. |
| only then | ancak o zaman | Only then did I understand the problem. |
| emphasis⁄ˈemfəsɪs⁄ | vurgu | The emphasis is on speaking skills. |
| emphasise⁄ˈemfəsaɪz⁄ | vurgulamak | I must emphasise that this is confidential. |
| striking⁄ˈstraɪkɪŋ⁄ | çarpıcı | There is a striking difference between the two cities. |
| remarkable⁄rɪˈmɑːkəbl⁄ | dikkate değer, olağanüstü | She made a remarkable recovery. |
| astonish⁄əˈstɒnɪʃ⁄ | hayrete düşürmek | Her answer astonished everyone. |
| witness⁄ˈwɪtnəs⁄ | tanık olmak | Never have I witnessed such courage. |
| realise⁄ˈriːəlaɪz⁄ | fark etmek | Not until later did I realise my mistake. |
| apologise⁄əˈpɒlədʒaɪz⁄ | özür dilemek | Not only did he apologise, but he also paid. |
| damage⁄ˈdæmɪdʒ⁄ | hasar, zarar | The storm caused serious damage. |
| reveal⁄rɪˈviːl⁄ | ortaya çıkarmak | It was the report that revealed the truth. |
| genuinely⁄ˈdʒenjuɪnli⁄ | gerçekten, içtenlikle | What I genuinely need is more time. |
| confidential⁄ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl⁄ | gizli | This information is strictly confidential. |
| at no time | hiçbir zaman | At no time was the public in danger. |
| all I want is | tek istediğim | All I want is some peace and quiet. |
Hedging & Nuance
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| arguably⁄ˈɑːɡjuəbli⁄ | tartışmaya açık olsa da, belki de | She is arguably the best writer of her generation. |
| presumably⁄prɪˈzjuːməbli⁄ | muhtemelen, tahminen | Presumably the train was delayed. |
| somewhat⁄ˈsʌmwɒt⁄ | biraz, bir ölçüde | The results are somewhat surprising. |
| to some extent | bir dereceye kadar | I agree with you to some extent. |
| tend to | eğiliminde olmak | Prices tend to rise in summer. |
| appear⁄əˈpɪə⁄ | görünmek | It would appear that the plan has failed. |
| suggest⁄səˈdʒest⁄ | işaret etmek, ileri sürmek | The data suggest a link between diet and sleep. |
| indicate⁄ˈɪndɪkeɪt⁄ | göstermek, belirtmek | Early results indicate a small improvement. |
| evidence⁄ˈevɪdəns⁄ | kanıt | There is some evidence to suggest that it works. |
| claim⁄kleɪm⁄ | iddia; iddia etmek | This claim is not supported by the data. |
| findings⁄ˈfaɪndɪŋz⁄ | bulgular | The findings were published last year. |
| research⁄rɪˈsɜːtʃ⁄ | araştırma | Further research is needed. |
| likely⁄ˈlaɪkli⁄ | muhtemel | It is likely that costs will rise. |
| unlikely⁄ʌnˈlaɪkli⁄ | olası değil | It seems unlikely that he will agree. |
| widely⁄ˈwaɪdli⁄ | yaygın olarak | It is widely believed that exercise helps. |
| contribute to | katkıda bulunmak, yol açmak | Stress may contribute to heart disease. |
| assume⁄əˈsjuːm⁄ | varsaymak | We cannot assume that everyone agrees. |
| tentative⁄ˈtentətɪv⁄ | temkinli, kesin olmayan | These are only tentative conclusions. |
| significant⁄sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt⁄ | önemli, anlamlı | There was no significant difference. |
| majority⁄məˈdʒɒrəti⁄ | çoğunluk | The majority of students passed. |
| generally⁄ˈdʒenrəli⁄ | genellikle | The plan was generally well received. |
| potentially⁄pəˈtenʃəli⁄ | potansiyel olarak | This is a potentially serious problem. |
| it could be argued | öne sürülebilir | It could be argued that the law is unfair. |
| register⁄ˈredʒɪstə⁄ | üslup, dil düzeyi | Academic writing uses a formal register. |
Advanced Conditionals
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| but for | ... olmasaydı | But for your help, I would have failed. |
| were it not for | ... olmasa | Were it not for the rain, we could go out. |
| should you need | ihtiyacınız olursa | Should you need anything, just ask. |
| provided that | ... şartıyla | You can borrow my car provided that you return it today. |
| as long as | -dığı sürece | You can stay as long as you are quiet. |
| otherwise⁄ˈʌðəwaɪz⁄ | aksi takdirde | Hurry up, otherwise we will miss the train. |
| supposing⁄səˈpəʊzɪŋ⁄ | diyelim ki, farz edelim ki | Supposing you lost your job, what would you do? |
| unless⁄ənˈles⁄ | -madıkça | I will not go unless you come with me. |
| in case | ... ihtimaline karşı | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
| on condition that | ... koşuluyla | He agreed on condition that his name was not used. |
| assistance⁄əˈsɪstəns⁄ | yardım, destek | Should you require further assistance, please contact us. |
| require⁄rɪˈkwaɪə⁄ | gerektirmek, ihtiyaç duymak | Please let us know if you require anything else. |
| hesitate⁄ˈhezɪteɪt⁄ | tereddüt etmek | Do not hesitate to contact me. |
| regret⁄rɪˈɡret⁄ | pişmanlık; pişman olmak | Had I known, I would not have regretted it. |
| consequence⁄ˈkɒnsɪkwəns⁄ | sonuç | Every decision has consequences. |
| alternative⁄ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv⁄ | alternatif, seçenek | We had no alternative. |
| refund⁄ˈriːfʌnd⁄ | para iadesi | You will receive a full refund provided that you keep the receipt. |
| receipt⁄rɪˈsiːt⁄ | fiş, makbuz | Please keep your receipt. |
| cancel⁄ˈkænsl⁄ | iptal etmek | Should the flight be cancelled, you will be informed. |
| inform⁄ɪnˈfɔːm⁄ | bilgilendirmek | We will inform you of any changes. |
| eligible⁄ˈelɪdʒəbl⁄ | hak sahibi, uygun | You are eligible for a discount. |
| circumstances⁄ˈsɜːkəmstænsɪz⁄ | koşullar, şartlar | In other circumstances, I would agree. |
| in that case | o durumda | In that case, we should leave now. |
| without⁄wɪˈðaʊt⁄ | ... olmadan, ... olmasaydı | Without your support, we could not have done it. |
Collocations & Precision
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| heavily dependent | büyük ölçüde bağımlı | The region is heavily dependent on tourism. |
| bitterly disappointed | derin hayal kırıklığına uğramış | The fans were bitterly disappointed. |
| highly unlikely | son derece düşük ihtimalli | It is highly unlikely that he will resign. |
| deeply concerned | derinden endişeli | We are deeply concerned about the situation. |
| fully aware | tamamen farkında | I am fully aware of the risks. |
| draw a conclusion | sonuç çıkarmak | It is too early to draw a conclusion. |
| pose a threat | tehdit oluşturmak | Plastic poses a serious threat to marine life. |
| raise awareness | farkındalık yaratmak | The campaign aims to raise awareness of climate change. |
| meet a deadline | teslim tarihine yetişmek | We worked all night to meet the deadline. |
| reach an agreement | anlaşmaya varmak | The two sides finally reached an agreement. |
| take into account | hesaba katmak | You must take the cost into account. |
| bear in mind | aklında tutmak | Bear in mind that the shop closes early. |
| pay attention | dikkat etmek | Please pay attention to the details. |
| misunderstand⁄ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd⁄ | yanlış anlamak | I think you misunderstood me. |
| underestimate⁄ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt⁄ | hafife almak | Never underestimate your opponent. |
| overestimate⁄ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt⁄ | gözünde büyütmek, fazla tahmin etmek | We overestimated the demand. |
| irrelevant⁄ɪˈreləvənt⁄ | konuyla ilgisiz | His age is irrelevant. |
| inaccurate⁄ɪnˈækjərət⁄ | hatalı, yanlış | The report was inaccurate. |
| reliability⁄rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti⁄ | güvenilirlik | Customers value reliability above all. |
| assessment⁄əˈsesmənt⁄ | değerlendirme | We need a careful assessment of the risks. |
| prioritise⁄praɪˈɒrətaɪz⁄ | önceliklendirmek | You need to prioritise your tasks. |
| broaden⁄ˈbrɔːdn⁄ | genişletmek | Travel broadens the mind. |
| ambiguous⁄æmˈbɪɡjuəs⁄ | belirsiz, iki anlamlı | The instructions were ambiguous. |
| effective⁄ɪˈfektɪv⁄ | etkili | This is a highly effective treatment. |
Persuasion & Rhetoric
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| admittedly⁄ədˈmɪtɪdli⁄ | kabul etmek gerekir ki | Admittedly, the plan is expensive. |
| granted⁄ˈɡrɑːntɪd⁄ | doğru, kabul | Granted, it will take time, but it is worth it. |
| that said | bununla birlikte | The film is long. That said, it is never boring. |
| even so | öyle bile olsa | It was raining. Even so, we went out. |
| on the contrary | aksine | It is not cheap. On the contrary, it is very expensive. |
| persuade⁄pəˈsweɪd⁄ | ikna etmek | She persuaded me to join the team. |
| persuasive⁄pəˈsweɪsɪv⁄ | ikna edici | He made a persuasive argument. |
| convince⁄kənˈvɪns⁄ | inandırmak, ikna etmek | I am not convinced by his answer. |
| argument⁄ˈɑːɡjumənt⁄ | argüman, savı | This argument fails to take cost into account. |
| counter-argument | karşı argüman | A good essay deals with the counter-argument. |
| opponent⁄əˈpəʊnənt⁄ | rakip, karşı taraf | Opponents argue that the tax is unfair. |
| motion⁄ˈməʊʃn⁄ | önerge (münazarada) | I urge you to support the motion. |
| urge⁄ɜːdʒ⁄ | şiddetle tavsiye etmek, ısrar etmek | I urge you to vote for this proposal. |
| concede⁄kənˈsiːd⁄ | kabul etmek (istemeyerek) | I concede that you have a point. |
| undeniable⁄ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl⁄ | inkâr edilemez | The benefits are undeniable. |
| compelling⁄kəmˈpelɪŋ⁄ | güçlü, ikna edici | There is compelling evidence for this view. |
| flawed⁄flɔːd⁄ | kusurlu | Their reasoning is deeply flawed. |
| crucially⁄ˈkruːʃəli⁄ | en önemlisi | Crucially, the plan saves lives. |
| above all | her şeyden önce, özellikle | Above all, we must protect our children. |
| surely⁄ˈʃʊəli⁄ | elbette, kuşkusuz | Surely we can all agree on this. |
| rhetorical question | cevap beklenmeyen soru | Can we really afford to wait? That is a rhetorical question. |
| afford⁄əˈfɔːd⁄ | göze almak, gücü yetmek | Can we really afford to wait? |
| go so far as to | ... kadar ileri gitmek | I would go so far as to say it is a disaster. |
| in conclusion | sonuç olarak | In conclusion, the benefits outweigh the costs. |
Participle Clauses
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| having done | -dıktan sonra, yapmış olarak | Having done the shopping, we went for a coffee. |
| exhausted⁄ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd⁄ | bitkin, tükenmiş | Exhausted by the long flight, she fell asleep at once. |
| overlook⁄ˌəʊvəˈlʊk⁄ | gözden kaçırmak; (manzaraya) bakmak | The hotel overlooking the bay is fully booked. |
| renovate⁄ˈrenəveɪt⁄ | yenilemek, tadilat yapmak | The castle, renovated last year, is open to visitors. |
| applicant⁄ˈæplɪkənt⁄ | başvuru sahibi, aday | Applicants wishing to apply online should register first. |
| submit⁄səbˈmɪt⁄ | sunmak, teslim etmek | Having submitted the form, he waited for a reply. |
| reluctant⁄rɪˈlʌktənt⁄ | gönülsüz, isteksiz | Reluctant to complain, she said nothing. |
| witness⁄ˈwɪtnəs⁄ | tanık; tanık olmak | Anyone witnessing the accident should call the police. |
| injure⁄ˈɪndʒə⁄ | yaralamak | The passengers injured in the crash were taken to hospital. |
| realise⁄ˈrɪəlaɪz⁄ | fark etmek, anlamak | Realising his mistake, he apologised. |
| hesitate⁄ˈhezɪteɪt⁄ | tereddüt etmek | Having hesitated for a moment, she signed the contract. |
| inspire⁄ɪnˈspaɪə⁄ | ilham vermek | Inspired by her teacher, she became a scientist. |
| confront⁄kənˈfrʌnt⁄ | yüzleşmek, karşı karşıya gelmek | Confronted with the evidence, he admitted everything. |
| evidence⁄ˈevɪdəns⁄ | kanıt, delil | The evidence collected at the scene was sent to a lab. |
| admit⁄ədˈmɪt⁄ | itiraf etmek, kabul etmek | He admitted having made a mistake. |
| abandon⁄əˈbændən⁄ | terk etmek, bırakmak | The village, abandoned in the 1950s, is now a ruin. |
| surround⁄səˈraʊnd⁄ | çevrelemek, kuşatmak | Surrounded by mountains, the lake is hard to reach. |
| glance⁄ɡlɑːns⁄ | göz atmak, bakıvermek | Glancing at her watch, she realised she was late. |
| thereby⁄ˌðeəˈbaɪ⁄ | böylece, bu sayede | He left early, thereby missing the speech. |
| upon arriving | varır varmaz, varınca | Upon arriving at the airport, call me. |
| given⁄ˈɡɪvn⁄ | -i göz önünde bulundurursak | Given the weather, the match was cancelled. |
| judging by | -e bakılırsa | Judging by his accent, he is from Scotland. |
| generally speaking | genel olarak konuşursak | Generally speaking, the trains are on time. |
| dangling participle | sarkık ortaç (özne hatası) | Teachers always correct a dangling participle. |
Subjunctive & Formality
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| essential⁄ɪˈsenʃl⁄ | şart, temel, zorunlu | It is essential that every guest be informed. |
| insist⁄ɪnˈsɪst⁄ | ısrar etmek | She insisted that he stay for dinner. |
| recommend⁄ˌrekəˈmend⁄ | tavsiye etmek | The doctor recommended that he rest for a week. |
| demand⁄dɪˈmɑːnd⁄ | talep etmek | The union demanded that wages be increased. |
| imperative⁄ɪmˈperətɪv⁄ | zorunlu, elzem | It is imperative that we act now. |
| vital⁄ˈvaɪtl⁄ | hayati, çok önemli | It is vital that the data be kept secure. |
| if need be | gerekirse | We can postpone the launch, if need be. |
| be that as it may | her ne kadar öyle olsa da | Be that as it may, the rules still apply. |
| suffice it to say | şu kadarını söyleyeyim | Suffice it to say, the manager was not pleased. |
| so be it | öyle olsun | If that is your decision, so be it. |
| dissatisfaction⁄ˌdɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn⁄ | memnuniyetsizlik | I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with your service. |
| refund⁄ˈriːfʌnd⁄ | para iadesi; iade etmek | I would like a full refund. |
| compensation⁄ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn⁄ | tazminat | We are entitled to compensation for the delay. |
| appreciate⁄əˈpriːʃieɪt⁄ | takdir etmek, minnettar olmak | I would appreciate it if you could reply promptly. |
| promptly⁄ˈprɒmptli⁄ | derhal, gecikmeden | The matter was resolved promptly. |
| resolve⁄rɪˈzɒlv⁄ | çözmek, halletmek | I insist that the issue be resolved. |
| unacceptable⁄ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl⁄ | kabul edilemez | Such a delay is unacceptable. |
| faulty⁄ˈfɔːlti⁄ | arızalı, kusurlu | The printer I bought was faulty. |
| entitled⁄ɪnˈtaɪtld⁄ | hak sahibi, hakkı olan | Customers are entitled to a replacement. |
| hereby⁄ˌhɪəˈbaɪ⁄ | işbu (yazı) ile, bununla | I hereby request a full refund. |
| regarding⁄rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ⁄ | ile ilgili olarak | I am writing regarding my recent order. |
| should you require | ihtiyaç duymanız halinde | Should you require further information, please contact me. |
| were it not for | ... olmasaydı | Were it not for your help, we would have failed. |
| courteous⁄ˈkɜːtiəs⁄ | nazik, kibar | The staff were courteous and helpful. |
Workplace Diplomacy
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| feedback⁄ˈfiːdbæk⁄ | geri bildirim | Thank you for your honest feedback. |
| tactful⁄ˈtæktfl⁄ | düşünceli, incelikli | She gave tactful advice to the new manager. |
| constructive⁄kənˈstrʌktɪv⁄ | yapıcı | Constructive criticism helps people improve. |
| criticism⁄ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm⁄ | eleştiri | He does not take criticism well. |
| concern⁄kənˈsɜːn⁄ | endişe, kaygı | I have a few concerns about the timeline. |
| flexibility⁄ˌfleksəˈbɪləti⁄ | esneklik | Is there any flexibility on the deadline? |
| tight⁄taɪt⁄ | sıkışık, dar | That is a very tight deadline. |
| realistically⁄ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪkli⁄ | gerçekçi olmak gerekirse | Realistically, we need two more weeks. |
| push back | ertelemek, ileri atmak | Can we push the launch back by a week? |
| touch base | haberleşmek, durum güncellemek | Let's touch base on Friday. |
| see where you're coming from | ne demek istediğini anlamak | I see where you're coming from, but the budget is limited. |
| with respect | saygısızlık etmek istemem ama | With respect, I think we are overlooking the risks. |
| overlook⁄ˌəʊvəˈlʊk⁄ | gözden kaçırmak | We may be overlooking an important detail. |
| workload⁄ˈwɜːkləʊd⁄ | iş yükü | My workload has doubled this month. |
| prioritise⁄praɪˈɒrətaɪz⁄ | önceliklendirmek | We need to prioritise the client project. |
| escalate⁄ˈeskəleɪt⁄ | tırmanmak; üst kademeye taşımak | I would rather not escalate this to the director. |
| tension⁄ˈtenʃn⁄ | gerginlik | There was tension in the room. |
| defuse⁄ˌdiːˈfjuːz⁄ | (gerginliği) yatıştırmak | A joke helped to defuse the situation. |
| common ground | ortak nokta | Let us try to find some common ground. |
| acknowledge⁄əkˈnɒlɪdʒ⁄ | kabul etmek, takdir etmek | I acknowledge that the team worked very hard. |
| underestimate⁄ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt⁄ | hafife almak, olduğundan az tahmin etmek | We underestimated how long testing would take. |
| on board | hemfikir, destekleyen | Is everyone on board with the new plan? |
| bottleneck⁄ˈbɒtlnek⁄ | darboğaz | Design approval is the main bottleneck. |
| fair point | haklı bir nokta | That's a fair point, but consider the cost. |
Science & Society
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| implementation⁄ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn⁄ | uygulama, hayata geçirme | The implementation of the new law took two years. |
| reduction⁄rɪˈdʌkʃn⁄ | azalma, indirim | There has been a reduction in air pollution. |
| increase⁄ˈɪŋkriːs⁄ | artış | We saw a sharp increase in prices. |
| impact⁄ˈɪmpækt⁄ | etki | Social media has a huge impact on young people. |
| finding⁄ˈfaɪndɪŋ⁄ | bulgu | The findings were published last month. |
| evidence⁄ˈevɪdəns⁄ | kanıt | There is little evidence for this theory. |
| hypothesis⁄haɪˈpɒθəsɪs⁄ | hipotez, varsayım | The results support the hypothesis. |
| correlation⁄ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn⁄ | korelasyon, ilişki | There is a strong correlation between diet and health. |
| causation⁄kɔːˈzeɪʃn⁄ | nedensellik | Correlation does not prove causation. |
| significant⁄sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt⁄ | önemli, anlamlı | The difference was statistically significant. |
| sample⁄ˈsɑːmpl⁄ | örneklem, numune | The sample was too small to draw conclusions. |
| conduct⁄kənˈdʌkt⁄ | yürütmek, yapmak | The study was conducted in five countries. |
| indicate⁄ˈɪndɪkeɪt⁄ | işaret etmek, göstermek | The data indicate a link between sleep and memory. |
| suggest⁄səˈdʒest⁄ | göstermek, ima etmek | The results suggest that exercise improves mood. |
| peer review | hakem değerlendirmesi | The paper is still under peer review. |
| emissions⁄iˈmɪʃnz⁄ | emisyonlar, salımlar | Carbon emissions must be cut by half. |
| sustainable⁄səˈsteɪnəbl⁄ | sürdürülebilir | We need more sustainable sources of energy. |
| awareness⁄əˈweənəs⁄ | farkındalık | Public awareness of climate change has grown. |
| funding⁄ˈfʌndɪŋ⁄ | finansman, fon | The project lost its government funding. |
| breakthrough⁄ˈbreɪkθruː⁄ | çığır açan buluş | The vaccine was a major breakthrough. |
| consequence⁄ˈkɒnsɪkwəns⁄ | sonuç, netice | The consequences of the decision were serious. |
| ethical⁄ˈeθɪkl⁄ | etik | Gene editing raises ethical questions. |
| further research | daha fazla araştırma | Further research is needed. |
| draw conclusions | sonuç çıkarmak | It is too early to draw conclusions. |
Fluency & Discourse
| English | Turkish | Example |
|---|---|---|
| mind you | gerçi, ama şunu da söyleyeyim | The flat is small. Mind you, it's very central. |
| as it happens | tesadüfen, aslında | As it happens, I went to school with her. |
| come to think of it | şimdi düşünüyorum da | Come to think of it, I haven't seen him for months. |
| having said that | bunu söyledikten sonra, yine de | The film was long. Having said that, I enjoyed it. |
| anyway⁄ˈeniweɪ⁄ | neyse | Anyway, where was I? |
| by the way | bu arada | By the way, did you get my message? |
| I mean | yani, demek istediğim | It was fine. I mean, it wasn't amazing. |
| sort of | bir nevi, biraz | I sort of agree with you. |
| how can I put it | nasıl desem | He is, how can I put it, a bit difficult. |
| jump in | araya girmek, söze girmek | Can I just jump in here? |
| interrupt⁄ˌɪntəˈrʌpt⁄ | sözünü kesmek | Sorry to interrupt, but we are out of time. |
| hang on | bir dakika, dur | Hang on, let me finish. |
| reckon⁄ˈrekən⁄ | sanmak, düşünmek | What do you reckon? |
| fair enough | haklısın, makul | Fair enough, let's do it your way. |
| no way | yok artık, olamaz | No way! Did she really say that? |
| that makes sense | mantıklı | Oh, that makes sense now. |
| actually⁄ˈæktʃuəli⁄ | aslında | Actually, I've changed my mind. |
| to be honest | açıkçası, dürüst olmak gerekirse | To be honest, I'm not a fan of jazz. |
| where was I | nerede kalmıştım | Sorry, where was I? |
| going back to | ... konusuna dönersek | Going back to what you said about the trip, I agree. |
| at the end of the day | sonuçta, günün sonunda | At the end of the day, it's your decision. |
| chat⁄tʃæt⁄ | sohbet; sohbet etmek | We had a long chat over coffee. |
| catch up | hasret gidermek, son durumu konuşmak | It's great to catch up with you. |
| small talk | havadan sudan sohbet | I find small talk quite tiring. |